Child Development: Lesson 1

Infancy childhood 2023

What are the 3 main domains of development?

physical/perceptual. cognitive, social/emotional

what is general development?

the study of averages; what is normal for a particular age

what people studied behaviorism?

Watson, Pavlov, Skinner,

What is important about the environment?

it shapes children and matters more than genetics

reinforcers

repeat behavior

punishers

stop behavior

The environment does what to children?

shapes the child and nurtures growth

When an environment changes, what happens?

behavior changes

reinforcers and punishes create what

characteristics, beliefs, personality

to change a child, you have to

change the environment

added stimulus, increase behavior

positive reinforcement

added stimulus, decrease behavior

positive punishment

take away stimulus, decrease behavior

negative punishment

take away stimulus, increase behavior

negative reinforcement

What did Bandura do?

studied aggression in children

bobo-doll experiment

cathartic behavior is wrong; kids who saw aggressiveness became aggressive

evolutionary theory

Darwin, naturally selected biology, environmental adaption

ecological systems theory

Bronfenbrenner (child affects environment) , bi-directional

what are the hierarchial systems?

microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem

microsystem

environment where the child lives; family, classroom

mesosystem

connection between microsystems affect each other; divorce affects child’s performance in school

exosystem

context indirectly impacting child; parents work trickles into home

macrosystem

beliefs and values of a culture and policies that affect child; country has medical care

chronosystem

all constantly changing over time; new sibling

kid takes out the trash so mom wont nag him

negative reinforcement

parent puts girl is in time out for stealing money

negative punishment

mom yelled at child when he drew pictures on the walls

positive punishment

girl throws a tantrum and hits her mom until her mom says yes and gets what the girl wants

positive reinforcement