APHUG All Units

Reference Maps

Maps that hold general info

Thematic Maps

Show patterns, like choropleth, isoline, and dot distribution

Spatial Patterns

How close or far things are from each other

Absolute Distance

Exact distance between things

Absolute Location

Exact spot of something on earth

Direction

The way something points or moves, North, South, East, West

Clustered

Things spaced close together

Dispersed

Things spaced far apart

Elevation

Height above sea level

Distort

The errors occurring when projecting the earth on a map

Scale

Ratio of distance on map to distance on earth

Latitude

North and south of equator, sideways

Longitude

East and west of the prime meridian, up and down

Qualitative Data

Made from characteristics

Quantitative Data

Made from numbers

Remote Sensing

Using satellites to collect geographical information

GIS

Geographical Information Systems, shows geographical patterns

GIScience

The study and use of GIS

GPS

Global Positioning System, tells exact location

Relative Distance

Measuring distance with time, effort, and cost instead of space

Relative Location

Location of something in relation to something else, like next to or left of

Formal Region

Defined by boundaries or shared characteristics

Vernacular (Perceptual) Region

Defined based on what people think, like the South

Functional Region

Based around a central node (thing)

Subregion

Are within a region

Space

Area between two objects

Distribution

How things are arranged or spread out over an area

Density

The amount of something in an area

Concentration

The amount of something in an area

Pattern

The arrangement of objects in space

Distance Decay

The farther two things are apart, the less likely they are to interact

Space-Time Compression

How advancements in tech have lowered time for things to travel, like texts across countries

Peripheral Regions

Regions on the outside, poorer

Renewable Resources

Naturally replenished resources

Nonrenewable Resources

Resources that will run out

Possibilism

The idea that humans can adapt to their environment

Environmental Determanisim

The idea that the environment dictates all human behavior

Scale of Analysis

The level of where information comes from, like global, national, or local

Aggregation

How things are grouped

Pastoral Nomadism

Shifting cultivation

Market gardening

Plantation agriculture

Mixed crop and livestock farming

Linear settlement

Dispersed settlement

Clustered settlement

Metes and bounds system

Township and range system

Long lot system