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31 Terms
1
axon
Transfers messages from the soma.
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glial cells
Support and nourish neurons.
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3
threshold
Minimum amount of stimulation needed for the soma to create a neural impulse.
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4
Refractory Period
Rest period after an impulse.
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5
neurotransmitter
Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse.
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6
Excitatory
Promotes the generation of an action potential.
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7
Inhibitory
Prevents generation of an action potential on the receiving neuron.
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8
agonist
Chemicals that mimic the effects of a neurotransmitter (Ex: Heroin mimics endorphins).
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9
antagonist
Blocks the transmission of reception of a neural transmitter (black widow bites).
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10
acetylcholine
Excitatory signal for muscle movement and memory (deficit leads to paralysis and Alzheimer's).
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11
endorphins
Inhibitory signal that blocks pain; deficit relates to withdrawal symptoms.
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12
serotonin
Inhibitory signal for sleep, mood, and appetite (deficit leads to depression).
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13
norepinephrine
Excitatory signal for increasing heart rate, breathing, blood pressure; related to flight or flight.
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14
dopamine
Excitatory signal for addiction, involuntary muscle stability, attention; excess leads to ADHD, schizophrenia, Tourette's; deficit leads to Parkinson's.
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15
glutamate
Excitatory signal for thinking and learning and the internal clock; excess leads to migraines and seizures.
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16
GABA
Inhibitory signal for calming and relaxation; deficit leads to anxiety disorders.
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17
Substance P
Opposite of endorphins; causes pain.
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18
Psychoactive Drug
Drugs that change consciousness.
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19
Depressants
Slow down neural activity through GABA and/or endorphins.
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20
Stimulants
Speeds up neural activity through dopamine or norepinephrine.
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21
Hallucinogens
Distorts perception through serotonin.
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22
Opiates
Painkilling drugs derived from opium or are synthetically produced.
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23
Central Nervous system
The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
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24
peripheral nervous system
The part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.
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25
somatic nervous system
Controls voluntary movements.
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26
autonomic nervous system
Controls internal organs.
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27
sympathetic nervous system
Under autonomic, responsible for fight or flight.
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28
Parasympathetic nervous system
Under autonomic, responsible for rest and digest.
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29
lesion
Damaged tissue of the brain used to study portions of the brain.
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30
endocrine system
The slow chemical communication system, responsible for puberty and growth.
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31
hormones
Not neurotransmitters, responsible for growth and puberty, released in the endocrine system.
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