States of matter

Physical Change

Change in a substance where no new substance is formed, examples include change in shape, breaking into smaller pieces, dissolution, mixing with another substance, and change in state.

Chemical Change

Change in a substance where a new substance is formed, examples include cooking, burning, fruit ripening, rotting, and explosion.

States of Matter

The three forms of matter - solid, liquid, and gas, distinguished by the arrangement and movement of particles.

Solids

Have a definite shape, particles are tightly bound, vibrate in place, and cannot be compressed.

Liquids

Have no definite shape, particles are loosely bound, move freely, and are incompressible.

Gases

Have no fixed shape, particles are not bound, move freely, and are compressible.

Mixtures

Formed by combining substances that do not interact, can be separated by physical processes like filtering.

Solution

A type of mixture with particles too small to see, where the solvent dissolves the solute, e.g., sugar (solute) in water (solvent).

Diffusion

Movement of particles from high to low concentration, occurs in liquids and gases, influenced by temperature and concentration.

Density

Measure of how closely packed particles are in a substance, calculated as mass divided by volume.

Gas to liquid

Condensation

Liquid to gas

Evaporation

Solid to gas

Sublimation

Gas to solid

Deposition

Solid to liquid

Melting

Liquid to solid

Freezing