BIO100 Ch3

Cells

Smallest structural and functional unit of a living thing

What is a cell made up of?

A nucleus, cytoplasm and an outer membrane (cell membrane)

Main types of cells

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

Tissues

Made up of multiple cells of the same type

Cell Theory

• All organisms are made up of one or more cells

• The cell is the basic unit of life

• All cells are made by the division of pre-existing cells.

Cytotechnologist

study sample of cells through microscopic exams or other lab tests

Prokaryotic cells

Single cell organism (Archaea, Bacteria)

Eukaryotic cells

Multicellular organisms (Animals, plants, fungi, protist)

Cell Membrane

Outer lining that separates cell from environment

Cytoplasm

Jelly like substance where the cell components are found on the inside

Ribosomes

Organelles that responsible for making proteins

Lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles and divides through binary fission

Prokaryotic cell

Contains a membrane bound nucleus, and other membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic Cells

Plasma membrane

Outer lining of the cell that separates internal contents from its surroundings. It contains lipids and proteins that regulate the traffic of molecules in and out of the cell and changes shape when necessary

Cholesterol

Regulates membrane fluidity and amount of cholesterol changes based on temperature of the cells environment. Also and “anti-freeze

Phospholipid Bilayer

Made up of phospholipids that have polar heads

Integral proteins

Embedded into the membrane fully or partially and creates channels/pumps to move materials in or out

Peripheral proteins

Located on the inner or outside of the membrane and attaches to either integral proteins or phospholipids

Cytoskeleton

Network of proteins that maintain the shape of the cell.

Cytoskeleton components

• Microfilaments

• intermediate filaments

• Microtubules

Endomembrane system

Group of membranes and organelles that modify, package and transport lipids and proteins. Includes:

• Nuclear envelope

• endoplasmic reticulum

• Golgi apparatus

• lysosomes

• vesicles

• plasma membrane