APUSH Chapter 3

The Liberator

An anti-slavery newspaper written by William Lloyd Garrison. It drew attention to abolition

Why did women work in factories instead of men?

the men needed to stay on the farms

What were the type of women coming to work in factories?

Majority came from farm families

Sisterhood

A body of sisters united by some bond of sympathy or by a religious vow-strong bonds of sisterhood in their boarding houses
if you were caught sneaking out

Socialization

Women were socialized when they arrived at their boarding houses

Factory Girls Association

In 1834

Mary Woolstonecraft

philosopher and feminist-called women's behavior amazonian (an insult)

speed-up (machines)

pace of work is faster-managers/factory owners wanted to get as much as they could out of the women

stretch-out (machines)

volume of work increases

Lowell Female Labor Reform Association

Main goals were to establish a ten-hour workday and influence the state legislature of Massachusetts to investigate working conditions in factories.

Why did factory owners fire women

and who did they replace them with?

Era of Good Feelings

1815-24

How are politics changing at this time? (1810-30s)

in 1807

conjugal family

a family established through marriage

how is the conjugal family changing?

parents begin to lose control over their children- the younger sons begin to move westchildren begin to marry for the idea of "feeling" (love)

Patriarchal

relating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority
there is a patriarchal relationship between men and women

Mary Wollstonecraft

English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women-wrote "Rights and Wrongs of Women"-women's sub position to men needs to change

Cult of Domesticity

idealized view of women & home

women

self-less caregiver for children

How do women use the Cult of Domesticity to their advantage?

They become teachers

American Character

man is dominated by the dollar-displayed wealth

Trans-Appalachia

area west of the Appalachian Mountains where settlers went looking for a "better life"-frontier society

Daniel Boone

famous early pioneer who cleared Wilderness Road

Mike Fink

A famous boatman that was part wild horse and alligator. King of the keelboaters. A legendary fighter and boatman."Could fight his weigh in grizzly bears"

Sustenance Farming

Making just enough food for you and your family to survive

What was life like in trans-appalachian communities?

Isolated communities

American System

Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank

emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.-the govt. is responsible for economic growth

railroads

John Quincy Adams

Believed that we should help the American System because it'll help the country's economic growth-wants a high tariff (which protects young factories from foreign competition and allows govt. to pay for things)

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837)

What happened between Andrew Jackson and John Calhoun?

AJ was very tight with JC

Nullification Act

South Carolina legislature passed an act declaring that it would not pay the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832.

Spoils System (Patronage System)

A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.-if you vote for me I'll give you this job

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Passed by Congress under the Jackson administration

Trail of Tears (1838)

The route taken by Native Americans as they were relocated to Oklahoma

20-25% perished before reaching Oklahoma

The WhigsWhat did the democrats do when they saw that the Whigs were gaining popularity?

Anti-Jackson political party that generally stood for national community and an activist government-support industrial workers strikes

What happened to the economy in 1837?

American experiences economic depression-banks fail

Commonwealth v. Hunt

(1842) a landmark ruling of the MA Supreme Court establishing the legality of labor unions and the legality of union workers striking if an employer hired non-union workers.

Alexis de Tocqueville

Frenchman who explored the US"could find no other country in the whole world in which the Christian religion retains a greater influence over the souls of men than in America"Why?-2nd Great Awakening

2nd Great Awakening

Series of religious revivals

Charles Finney

Preacher who urged people to abandon sin and lead good lives in dramatic sermons at religious revivals
Tapped into growing uncertainty

Methodists and Baptists

stressed personal conversion

John Humphrey Noyes/Oneida Community

Founder of the Oneida community

Shakers (utopian society)

Located in multiple N/NW states-known for ritualized dancing that lated for hours-sexual abstinence

Mormons (utopian society)

Migrated to Utah

Robert Owen/New Harmony

A Welsh socialist and social reformer.-hated christianity

Temperance Movement/Prohibition

Sought to prohibit alcohol consumption

American Temperance Society

An organization group in which reformers are trying to help the ever present drink problem. This group was formed in Boston in 1826

What does 2nd Great Awakening have an affect on?

health

William Lloyd Garrison

United States abolitionist who published an anti-slavery journal called the Liberator

What are some things Garrison did to boycott slavery?

Boycott souther products (tobacco

Francis Cabot Lowell

American industrialist who developed the Lowell system

Fredrick Douglass

former slave who spoke out against slavery

The North Star

antislavery newspaper published by Fredrick Douglass

Elijah Lovejoy

American Presbyterian minister

Grimke Sisters

Angelina and Sarah Grimke-They were from SC

Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

organized a convention for women's rights held in Seneca Falls

Senaca Falls

the first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social

Declaration of Sentiments

declared that all "people are created equal"

used the Declaration of Independence to argue for women's rights

Gag Rule

1835 law passed by Southern congress which made it illegal to talk of abolition or anti-slavery arguments in Congress

Numbers and Migration

-Slaves are encouraged to have children-1790

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin-leads to the expansion of cotton cultivation and the expansion of slaves

King Cotton

"Driving force" of Southern economy

what are the three "types" of slaves

House Slave-babysitters

Worming

Getting rid of bugs and worms on tobacco leaves

What are the four categories of slaves?

"A Full Hand

Why do slaves work?

fear of punishment
punishment for running away: deep cuts from whips

Denmark Vessey

a free black man who organized a well-planned conspiracy to seize local armories

South Carolina in 1822he was betrayed

arrested

Nat Turner

-slave

Harriet Tubman

United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913)

Underground Railroad

a system of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or in Canada

Soldiering

when workers deliberately slow their pace or restrict their work output

What are the five ways of slave resistance?

1. Murder-by poison2. Sabotage-not closing pasture gates

What was slave culture like?

Adopted christianityMarriage was very popular

Why did Mexico restrict immigration?

Slavery was illegal in Mexico

The Battle of Alamo

Battle between Texas and Mexico in 1836-Americans were overwhelmed by huge Mexican force

John Tyler

10th President of the United StatesPresident responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk

John Calhoun

South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights

James Polk

11th President of the United States from Tennessee

committed to westward expansion

led the country during the Mexican War

U.S. annexed Texas and took over Oregon during his administration-sent Ulysses S. Grant to provoke a fight that'll start a war with Mexico

Popular Sovereignty

A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.-let the people decide for themselves

Fugitive Slave Act

A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves

allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders

1850 Compromise

Admitted California as a free state if a stricter fugitive slave law was enacted-also stated that when Utah and New Mexico join that they will decide if free or slave through popular sovereignty

Kansas/Nebraska and the Republican Party

Democrats split territory into Kansas and Nebraska territories

Stephen Douglas

Leading northern Democrat

Personal Liberty Laws

if you're a runaway slave and are a member of our community then you have the right to be protected-helps diffuse Fugitive Slave Act

Franklin Pierce

14th President

William Walker

installed himself as the President of Nicaragua in July 1856. He legalized slavery

Harriet Beecher Stowe

abolitionist and author of the famous antislavery novel

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad

Charles Sumner

Radical Republican against the slave power who attacks/insults Andrew Butler and subsequently gets beat (with a cane) by Preston Brooks

Andrew Butler

was the Senator insulted by Charles Sumner

Preston Brooks

Responsible for beating radical republican Charles Sumner with his cane

John Brown

An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves