MODULE 8: DRUGS ACTING ON AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (PART 2)

Skeletal muscle relaxants, skeletal muscle spasmolytic

Pre - junctional blockade

A neuromucular blocking drugs that acts at the axonal membrane.

Inhibition of the ACh in the nicotinic receptor found in the axon.

Biotoxin

Toxic substance from a living organisms.

These are Pre-junctional blockade electrolytes

Magnesium and calcium

Magnesium

increased / excessive amount

Eclampsia

Decrease in calcium may cause?

Pre-junctional blockade

Biotoxin, electrolytes, antibiotics.

Competitive non-depolarizing drugs

Peripherally acting muscle relaxant.

A.K.A curarizing agents

Chondrodendron tomentosum

is used in africa to hunt animals by using poison arrow which relaxes the muscle.

Produce flaccid paralysis.

Predomination with antihistamine will reduce tubocurarine — induce hypotension.

Tubocurarine

naturally occurring as well as chondrodendron tonentisum while fazadimium, alcuronium, atracurium, vecuronium are syntheic.

Synthetic form of a competitive non-depolarizing drug under post-junctional blockade

Fazadimium

Alcuronium

Atracurium

Vecuronium

pancronium

Gallamine

Metacurarine

Competitive depolarizing drugs

Calcium is halt therefore Myosin does not bind with actin, leading to relaxation

Uses is the same with non-depolarizing which is muscle relaxation

Succinylcholine (decamethonium)

Only commonly peripherally acting used muscle relaxant that is a depolarizing agent.

Is hydrolyze by pseudocholinesterase

There is genetically mediated def. of pseudocholinesterase in some strain of sheep

Cattle are much more susceptible to the effect of succinylcholine

Never employ succinylcholine as a euthanizing agent.

No antagonist is available

Skeletal muscle spasmolytic

inhibition of muscle contraction.

used in epilepsy and convulsion.

centrally acting muscle relaxants

carbamate and methocarbamol

Gkyceryl ester or Guaifenesin

Benzodiazepine (Diazepam)

Benzodiazepine

A skeletal muscle spasmolytic that is commonly used for anxiety

intracellular muscle relaxants that is a skeletal muscle spasmolytic

Act in the sarcolemma

used in epilepsy and convulsion

Intracellular muscle relaxants drugs that is for skeletal muscle spasmolytic

Dantrolene

Phenytion

Clinical uses of skeletal muscle spasmolytic

Used in Tetanus

Used in Strychnine poisoning

Used in muscle sprain

Used in muscle strain

Used in Myositis

Used in malignant hyperthermia

Used in tracheal intubation

Used as artificial respiration

Used to balance anesthesia

Used to access different organs