anatomy exam 1

Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ______.

A. function; form

B. form; structure

C. structure; function

D. structure; form

E. growth; form

C. structure; function

Which level consists of a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to perform a particular function?

A. Organ system level

B. Cellular level

C. Tissue level

D. Chemical level

E. Organ level

E. Organ level

Which of the following lists examples of body structures from the simplest to the most complex?

A. Mitochondrion, connective tissue, protein, stomach, smooth muscle cell

B. Protein, mitochondrion, smooth muscle cell, connective tissue, stomach

C. Mitochondrion, connective tissue, stomach, protein, smooth muscle cell

D. Protein, smooth muscle cell, stomach, connective tissue, mitochondrion

E. Protein, stomach, connective tissue, smooth muscle cell, mitochondrion

B. Protein, mitochondrion, smooth muscle cell, connective tissue, stomach

We live in an ever-changing environment outside of our body, yet our internal conditions remain relatively stable. This is called

A. homeostasis

B. metastasis

C. responsiveness

D. adaptation

E. evolution

A. Homeostasis

The control center of a homeostatic mechanism

A. brings about change to the internal environment.

B. integrates sensory input and signals for change as needed.

C. is a change in the external environment.

D. detects a change in a variable that is being regulated.

E. is the response to an environmental input.

B. integrates sensory input and signals for change as needed.

When you are exposed to bright light, a reflex is initiated and the muscles of your iris contract to decrease your pupil size. The iris muscles are acting as a(n)

A. stimulus.

B. control center.

C. receptor.

D. positive feedback.

E. effector.

E. Effector

During childbirth, the pressure against the cervix stimulates the release of a hormone which strengthens contractions, further increasing pressure against the cervix. This is an example of what type of feedback system?

A. negative

B. depressing

C. neutral

D. positive

E. neurological

D. Positive

When blood pressure gets too high, a hormone is released by the heart. This hormone causes the blood vessels to relax and dilate. As those blood vessels dilate, blood pressure drops. This represents ________ feedback, with the increase in blood pressure acting as the ________.

A. negative; stimulus

B. positive; integrating center

C. negative; integrating center

D. positive; effector

E. negative; effector

A. negative; stimulus

Which of the following gradient conditions would require energy?

A. Diffusion of glucose from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

B. Blood flowing from an area of low pressure to high pressure.

C. Positively charged ions moving to an area filled with negatively charged ions.

D. Heat dissipating (radiating) from areas of higher heat to lower heat.

E. None of the examples above require energy.

B. Blood flowing from an area of low pressure to high pressure.

The __________ system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air, whereas the __________ system is involved in elimination of wastes, regulation of blood pressure and volume as well as the regulation of fluids, electrolytes and acid-base balance.

A. respiratory; digestive

B. circulatory; digestive

C. respiratory; urinary

D. circulatory; urinary

E. respiratory; circulatory

C. respiratory; urinary

Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system.

A. skeletal

B. muscular

C. integumentary

D. endocrine

E. immune

C. integumentary

The most superficial wall of the pleural cavity is lined by the __________, whereas the outer surface of the lungs is covered by the __________.

A. mesothelium; endothelium

B. parietal pericardium; visceral pericardium

C. visceral pleura; parietal pleura

D. parietal pleura; visceral pleura

E. visceral peritoneum; parietal peritoneum

D. parietal pleura; visceral pleura

Serous membranes surround organs like the heart where they function to


A. regulate permeability of cell membranes

B. reduce friction between moving organs and surrounding tissues

C. protect the body against infection

D. prevent loss of heat from the body

E. bind organs to the body wall

E. Protection against accidental shocks/damage.

B. reduce friction between moving organs and surrounding tissues

Which of the following is NOT a function of body cavities?

A. Containment of organs within the body.

B. Allows for significant changes in the size and shape of the organs as they perform their functions.

C. Groups organs by similar size, shape, and function.

D. Compartmentalization to protect against the spread of infections.

E. Protection against accidental shocks/damage.

C. Groups organs by similar size, shape, and function.

Most transmembrane proteins have ___________ regions facing the intra- and extracellular fluid, and __________ regions embedded in the lipid portion of the phospholipid bilayer.

A. hydrophilic; hydrophilic

B. hydrophilic; hydrophobic

C. hydrophobic; hydrophobic

D. hydrophobic; hydrophilic

E. lipophilic; lipophobic

B. hydrophilic; hydrophobic

The hormone insulin acts by binding to a receptor protein on the surface of the plasma membrane, increasing the level of cAMP in the cell which signals cellular responses that increase the uptake of glucose into the cell. In this example, the cAMP is part of
Group of answer choices

A. positive feedback

B. a second messenger system

C. active transport

D. osmosis

E. cell communication through gap junctions

B. a second messenger system

The plasma membrane of cells lining the fallopian tubes have __________, which are specialized for the movement of the egg down the fallopian tubes towards the uterus.
Group of answer choices

A. cilia

B. flagella

C. microvilli

D. a glycocalyx

E. dynein arms

A. cilia

The protein transferrin is taken up, via endocytosis, by the endothelial cells that line blood capillaries. Then, it's transported across the cell to the other side, where it is released by exocytosis. This transport process is called
Group of answer choices

A. pinocytosis

B. receptor-mediated phagocytosis

C. passive transport

D. facilitated transport

E. transcytosis

E. transcytosis

Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Water can cross the membrane, but the solute cannot. If solution A has a lower concentration of solute than solution B, then __________.
Group of answer choices

A. the solute will pass down its concentration gradient from solution A to B

B. the solute will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A

C. water will pass down its osmotic gradient from solution A to B

D. water will pass down its osmotic gradient from solution B to A

E. neither the solute nor water will diffuse across the membrane

C. water will pass down its osmotic gradient from solution A to B

Sodium and glucose are transported together from the intestinal lumen into an intestinal cell. The carrier protein is a(n) __________ transporter and the process is called ____________.
Group of answer choices

A. symport; cotransport

B. symport; countertransport

C. antiport; countertransport

D. antiport; cotransport

E. uniport; facilitated diffusion

A. symport; cotransport

Sodium and glucose are transported together from the intestinal lumen into an intestinal cell. The carrier protein is a(n) __________ transporter and the process is called ____________.
Group of answer choices

A. oxygen

B. calcium ion

C. amino acid

D. chlorine ion

E. nucleic acids

A. oxygen

What will happen when you put red blood cells into an isotonic solution of 0.9% sodium chloride?
Group of answer choices

A. Sodium ions will diffuse into the cells

B. Water will move into the cells by osmosis

C. Water will move out of the cells by osmosis

D. Chloride ions will diffuse into the cells

E. There will be no net movement of water

E. There will be no net movement of water

Communication between cells occurs when chemical messengers from one cell bind to _____ on another cell.
Group of answer choices

A. marker molecules

B. gated channels

C. channel proteins

D. receptor proteins

E. cell adhesion proteins

D. receptor proteins

Which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane?
Group of answer choices

A. cell metabolism

B. transport of products from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum

C. adhesion of one cell to another

D. digestion of unneeded cell organelles

E. detoxification

C. adhesion of one cell to another

Later this semester we will learn about voltage-gated potassium channels which are part of the action potential process that allows for muscles and neurons to fire. Voltage-gated potassium channels do not require ATP to transport potassium. These channels open in response to voltage changes in the phospholipid bilayer and allow potassium to move down its concentration gradient. The voltage-gated potassium channels are an example of what type of membrane transport?
Group of answer choices

A. Simple diffusion.

B. Facilitated diffusion.

C. Antiport transport.

D. Active transport.

E. Symport transport.

B. Facilitated diffusion

Which of these is an example of active transport?
Group of answer choices

A. Diffusion of oxygen from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration

B. Facilitated diffusion of K+

C. Transport of glucose down its concentration gradient

D. Transport of Na+ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration

E. Transport of Cl- down its concentration gradient

D. Transport of Na+ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration

Which of the following is NOT a method by which molecules can leave a cell?
Group of answer choices

A. Active transport

B. Endocytosis

C. Simple diffusion

D. An antiport system

E. Exocytosis

B. Endocytosis

Muscle and nerve cells consume large amounts of ATP. To meet this demand, both types of cells have numerous
Group of answer choices

A. ribosomes

B. lysosomes

C. mitochondria

D. inclusions

E. Golgi vesicles

C. mitochondria

What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed?
Group of answer choices

A. Exocytosis

B. Active transport

C. Ciliary action

D. Protein synthesis

E. Osmosis

D. Protein synthesis

Liver cells called hepatocytes are able to metabolize many drugs, including alcohol. Therefore, liver cells must have plentiful amounts of ________________.
Group of answer choices

A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

C. Ribosomes

D. Mitochondria

E. Cytoplasmic

A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

For proteins that are synthesized and transported through the endomembrane system, the __________ synthesize(s) carbohydrates and put(s) finishing touches on proteins synthesized at __________.
Group of answer choices

A. Smooth ER; rough ER

B. The Golgi complex; rough ER

C. Smooth ER; the Golgi complex

D. The Golgi complex; smooth ER

E. Ribosomes; smooth ER

D. The Golgi complex; smooth ER

The process by which cells secrete cellular products into the extracellular environment is ________.

A. phagocytosis

B. endocytosis

C. exocytosis

D. pinocytosis

E. simple diffusion

C. exocytosis

Which of the following is NOT one of the four different types of tissues?

A. Epithelial

B. Nervous

C. Connective

D. Glandular

E. Muscle

D. Glandular

In the small intestine, ___________ ensure that nutrients like glucose pass through the epithelial cells and not between them.

A. tight junctions

B. reticular fibers

C. adipocytes

D. collagen fibers

E. cilia

A. tight junctions

To keep the basal epithelial cells from pulling away from the basement membrane underneath, they contain ____________ , a type of cell junction.

A. tight junctions

B. gap junctions

C. hemidesmosomes

D. elastic fibers

E. pseudostratified epithelia

C. hemidesmosomes

What structure provides increased surface area that allows for increased absorption on the apical surface of epithelial cells?

A. goblet cells

B. cilia

C. Golgi apparatus

D. microvilli

E. cytoskeleton

D. microvilli

To determine that a type of epithelium is squamous, which of the following is most important?

A. the number of cell layers

B. whether the epithelial cells are cuboidal or columnar

C. the shape of the most superficial epithelial cells

D. the shape of the basal epithelial cells

E. the shape of the basement membrane

C. the shape of the most superficial epithelial cells

Epithelial tissues contain stem cells that

A. maintain epithelial polarity

B. allow intercellular communication

C. regulate movement of solutes across the tissue

D. divide to replace damaged cells

E. produce mucus secretions to protect underlying cells

D. divide to replace damaged cells

Where would you expect to find non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A. palms of the hands

B. mucosa of the trachea

C. internal surface of the small intestine

D. oral mucosa

E. alveoli of the lungs

D. oral mucosa

The single-celled exocrine glands that secrete mucus onto the apical surface of many epithelial tissues are called

A. serous glands

B. mixed glands

C. goblet cells

D. adipose cells

E. osseous cells

C. goblet cells

Which of the following epithelial types is mismatched with its location and function?

A. stratified squamous epithelium - located in skin where it provides protection to the tissue underneath.

B. simple squamous epithelium - diffusion of gasses across the alveoli in the lungs

C. simple cuboidal epithelium - secretion of wastes in the renal tubule of the kidney

D. simple columnar epithelium - located in serous membranes where it allows for rapid transport of substances across the membrane.

E. Transitional epithelium - located in the lining of the bladder where it allows for stretching to occur.

D. simple columnar epithelium - located in serous membranes where it allows for rapid transport of substances across the membrane.

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the function of connective tissue?

A. whether the matrix is liquid, gel-like, or solid

B. the types of protein fibers in the matrix

C. the arrangement of the protein fibers in the matrix

D. the types of cells in the tissue

E. the type of cell junctions that connect the cells to each other

E. the type of cell junctions that connect the cells to each other

The protein fiber type that is found in the matrix of connective tissue that can be stretched and then recoils, returning to its original shape is

A. collagen

B. reticular fibers

C. cytoskeletal protein

D. elastic fibers

E. spindle fibers

E. spindle fibers

D. elastic fibers

The parallel arrangement of collagen fibers in dense regular connective tissue

A. allows the tissue to resist stress in one direction

B. allows the tissue to distort and then rebound

C. forms a stroma, or framework, for organs like the spleen

D. forms a matrix to support nerves and blood vessels

E. allows space for white blood cells to move freely through the tissue

A. allows the tissue to resist stress in one direction

Which of the following is a supporting connective tissue?

A. blood

B. hyaline cartilage

C. adipose tissue

D. dense regular connective tissue

E. areolar tissue

B. hyaline cartilage

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?

A. providing a supportive framework for the body by the skeleton

B. physical protection of the brain by the skull

C. transport of gasses through the body by red blood cells

D. absorption of nutrients produced by digestion

E. storage of fats and minerals in adipose tissue and bone

D. absorption of nutrients produced by digestion

The characteristic of serous membranes that allows them to function to reduce friction between adjacent organs is

A. the presence of proteoglycans that retain water and provide cushioning

B. the presence of elastic fibers that allow stretching and recoiling

C. secretion of serous fluid by the squamous epithelial cells

D. regulation of movement between cells by the presence of tight junctions

E. anchoring of the membrane to the underlying organs by hemidesmosomes

C. secretion of serous fluid by the squamous epithelial cells

Which of the following is NOT an exocrine gland?

A. Sweat glands that release their contents onto the skin surface.

B. Mammary glands that secrete their contents into lactiferous ducts.

C. Pancreatic glands that secrete digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

D. Salivary glands that release saliva into the mouth.

E. Thyroid glands that release thyroid hormone into the bloodstream

E. Thyroid glands that release thyroid hormone into the bloodstream.

E. Thyroid glands that release thyroid hormone into the bloodstream

Which of the following types of connective tissue is mismatched with its matrix?

A. reticular- mesh of reticular fibers in loose tissue

B. cartilage - highly vascular matrix

C. bone - mineralized matrix

D. areolar - loosely packed matrix of protein fibers

E. blood - fluid matrix

B. cartilage - highly vascular matrix

Which of the following are considered excitable tissues?

A. Muscle and epithelial

B. Connective and epithelial

C. Nervous and connective

D. Muscle and nervous

E. Epithelial and nervous

D. Muscle and nervous