trimester 2 topics

Fovea centralis

The area on the retina where light rays converge.

Optic disk

Lacks rods and cones; specific place where the neurons meet and exit the eye.

Retina

Layer of the eye where photoreceptors are located.

Sclera

The hard covering outer layer of the eye.

Choroid

Layer of the eye where the blood supply is located.

Tympanic membrane

The structure which sound waves enter the ear.

Eustachian tube

Ear air pressure is equalized with this structure.

Cochlea

The specific structure of the ear that sends neuron impulses to the nerve that exits the ear.

Semicircular canals

The structure that is responsible for sending messages to the brain regarding equilibrium.

Malleus, incus, stapes

The three ossicles in the ear.

Autonomic

The part of the nervous system concerned with involuntary muscles.

Somatic

The part of the nervous system concerned with voluntary muscle.

Sympathetic

The part of the nervous system concerned with fight or flight responses.

Parasympathetic

The part of the nervous system concerned with rest and relax actions.

Afferent

Nerve fibers involved with sensory input.

Efferent

Nerve fibers involved with somatic reflex arcs.

Visceral

Nerve fibers involved with internal organ functioning.

Sarcomere

The contractile unit of a muscle fiber.

Ingestion

The taking in of food.

Defecation

The elimination of solid waste by way of the anus.

Digestion

The breaking down of food into smaller molecules.

Absorption

The process in which microvilli are important.

Mechanical digestion

The crushing of food by teeth or peristalsis in order to break down food into smaller pieces.

Gallbladder

The accessory organ that stores bile.

Pancreas

The accessory organ that has both endocrine and exocrine functions.

Liver

The accessory organ that plays a role in detoxification of substances.

Duodenum

The first part of the small intestine.

Microvilli

Microscopic projections through which absorption of nutrients takes place.

Rugae

Structures responsible for allowing the stomach to expand in size.

Trypsin

The chemical responsible for the breakdown of proteins.

Amylase

The chemical responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates.

Lipase

The chemicals responsible for the breakdown of fats.

Cardiac muscle

The type of muscle that makes up the heart.

Connective

Blood is classified as this type of tissue.

Platelets

Cell fragments responsible for blood clotting.

Hematopoiesis

The creation of formed elements for the blood.

Antigens

Identity markers on cell membranes.

Antibodies

Proteins created to bind to antigens.

Erythropoietin

The hormone released when decreased levels of oxygen are sensed.

Oxyhemoglobin

The form of hemoglobin that can bind to oxygen.

Epiglottis

The structure that prevents food from entering the trachea.

Nasal cavities

Structures that filter the air you breathe and house the receptors for smell.

Diaphragm

The primary muscle responsible for breathing.

Expiration

The phase of mechanical respiration when air is pushed out of the lungs.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.

Vestibulocochlear nerve

The afferent cranial nerve responsible for sending neural information about sound to the brain.

Cornea

The clear membrane covering the opening of the eye.

Vitreous humor

The jelly-like substance in the posterior chamber of the eye.

Urinary bladder

The tube that drains urine from the kidneys.

Nephron

The functional unit of the kidney.

Glomerulus

The capillary tuft within the renal corpuscle.

Bowman's capsule

The cuplike structure enveloping a glomerulus.

Sperm

Haploid male gametes.

Ovum

Haploid female gametes.

Testis

Male gonad.

Scrotum

The sac in which the testes are located.

Fallopian tubes

Duct carrying oocyte toward uterus.

Seminal vesicles

Glands that produce a significant portion of semen.

Ovulation

The discharge of ova or eggs from the ovary.

Corpus luteum

A gland in the ovary that produces hormones to prepare the uterus for pregnancy.