AP Euro Chapter 17

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22 Terms

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Abolished the British Slave Trade (1807)

The British Parliament ended the transatlantic slave trade, making it illegal to trade enslaved people.

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Adam Smith

A Scottish philosopher and economist who advocated for free-market economics in his work Wealth of Nations (1776).

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Agricultural Revolution

Period of agricultural advancements (1650–1850) that improved farming techniques, crop rotation, and livestock breeding.

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Agriculture

The practice of cultivating crops and raising livestock for food and other resources.

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Atlantic Slave Trade

The forced transportation of Africans to the Americas to work on plantations, central to the Atlantic economy.

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Australia

A continent where Britain established a penal colony in the late 18th century using convicted prisoners for labor.

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Breadwinner

A person who earns money to support their family, often associated with changes in labor systems during the Industrious Revolution.

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Acts by Parliament

Legislation, such as the Enclosure Acts, which privatized common land and transformed farming practices in England.

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Cottage Industry

A system where rural families produced goods at home for merchants, part of the putting-out system.

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Crop Rotation

A farming practice of rotating crops in fields to preserve soil fertility and improve yields.

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Enclosure

The process of consolidating small fields into larger, privately-owned farms, often fenced off.

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Wars (1701–1763)

A series of conflicts, including the War of Spanish Succession and the Seven Years' War, between England and France.

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Guild System

Organizations of artisans or tradespeople that regulated trade and quality but restricted innovation and access.

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Guilds

Groups of workers in the same trade who controlled membership, production, and prices.

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Improvements in Livestock

Selective breeding methods during the Agricultural Revolution that increased animal productivity and quality.

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Industrious Revolution

A shift where families worked harder and produced more to earn wages, leading to increased consumerism.

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Population Growth

An increase in Europe’s population during the 18th century, driven by lower mortality rates and improved living conditions.

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Putting-Out System

A pre-industrial production system where merchants supplied raw materials to rural households to produce goods.

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Textile

Fabric or cloth production, a major focus of the putting-out system and later industrialization.

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Seven Years' War

A global conflict (1756–1763) between Britain and France that reshaped colonial empires and trade dominance.

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Traditional Village Rights

Customary practices where communities shared resources like meadows and worked together in crop rotation systems.

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Wealth of Nations (1776)

A foundational work by Adam Smith promoting free trade, competition, and limited government in economics.