Lab Quiz #2

Exercise #7 and Exercise #8

what is lichen

Lichen is the symbiotic relationship between FUNGI and ALGAE

what type of symbiotic relationship does lichen have?

Lichen has a Mutualistic relationship between the algae and fungi

describe the mutualistic relationship associated with lichen

Algae lives in the HYPHAE or structures of the Fungi and make nutrients through photosynthesis.

The fungi absorbs some of the nutrients because it can make food on their own, but they do supply protection to the Algae who is weak to the environment

what do lichens produce

soil

what is this a picture of

Fructose Lichen

what is this a picture of

Foliose Lichen

what is this a picture of

crustose lichen

what is this a picture of

lichen cross section

what are crustose lichen an example of

primary ecological succession. Lichen happen first because they can break down rock to soil, then other organisms follow

what is a rhizobium

a type of bacteria that forms a symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants

where do rhizobium live

they live in the roots of plants

what do rhizobium form at the roots of plants

nodulesw

what type of symbiotic relationship does rhizobium have

mutualistic

describe the mutualistic relationship of rhizobium

rhizobium form nodules of legume plants, they obtain nutrients or carbohydrates from the plant which rhizobium forms to nitrogen which serves as fertilizer for the plant.

the rhizobium gets a place to live and eat and legume plant grows better

what other organism like rhizobium can fix nitrogen

anabaena

what is this a picture of

Rhizobium nodules

what is this

Spanish moss

what type of symbiotic relationship does Spanish moss have?

commensalism with the trees.

Describe the communalistic relationship between Spanish moss and trees

The relationship between moss and trees is primarily commensalism, a type of symbiosis where the moss benefits (by gaining a perch, moisture, and sunlight) while the tree is neither helped nor harmed. Mosses are not parasites; they do not take nutrients from the tree bark.

what type of plant is Spanish moss?

Epiphytic plant. It absorbs nutrients and water directly from the air, rain, and dust.

what type of symbiotic relationship does lung fluke have ?

Parasitotic relationship, Each worm contains a complete male and female system (monoecious).

who does lung fluke affect

humans, dogs, cats, basically anyone that eats raw crab

what are the downside of lung fluke to the hosts

Infection Process: After being eaten, the larvae leave the intestines, move through the body, and usually settle in the lungs. There, they form a capsule and grow into adult flukes.

• Symptoms: Symptoms may be mild or look like tuberculosis. Common signs include a long-lasting cough, blood-tinged (brownish) mucus, fever, and chest pain.

what does this picture describe?

the cycle of lung fluke entering a person and killing them idk…

does lung fluke have two sexes in one body

yeah it has both male and female reproductive organs called monoecious

what is another name for whipworm

Trichuris trichura

in what host are whip worm found

one species HUMANS

what type of symbiotic relationship do whip worms have

parasitism

describe the whip worm infection process

• Eggs hatch in the small intestine

• Worms move to the large intestine

• They attach to the intestinal wall and mature into adults

how to cure whip worms

🔍 Diagnosis

Doctors examine a stool sample to find whipworm eggs.

💊 Treatment

Usually treated with anti-parasitic medications like Albendazole or Mebendazole.

🌍 Where it’s found

Common in warm, tropical regions with poor sanitation.

do whip worms give symptoms

most of the time symptoms are asymptomatic, but you can get poopy pants

what is this a picture of

whipworm

what type of parasite is ectoparasites

human louse (Pediculus humanus) and the crab louse (Phthirus pubis)

what is headlice called

Pediculus humanus

what is another name for pubic lice

Phthirus pubis

what are ectoparasites

parasites that live on the body instead of inside host

what type of symbiotic relationship does head lice have with its host

Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) have a parasitic symbiotic relationship with humans, specifically acting as obligate ectoparasites. They live on the human scalp and feed exclusively on human blood to survive and reproduce, while providing no benefit to the host and causing discomfort.

what type of symbiotic relationship does pubic lice have with its host

• Host Dependency: They are obligate parasites, needing human blood to survive and dying within 24–48 hours if separated from a human host.

• Transmission: They are primarily transmitted through intimate, direct skin-to-skin contact, often during coitus, allowing them to move from one person's hair to another.

• Life Cycle: Females lay eggs (nits) that hatch in about a week, maturing into adults over 6-9 days.

• Not a Disease/Infection: While they cause symptoms like severe itching, they are insects,

what is this picture of

pubic lice

what is this a picture of

head lice

1. Which population (predator or prey) shows the first increase in numbers? Why?

Prey because they have more kids and less predators so less are being eaten

2. Does a peak in lynx population occur simultaneously as the hare population, or after a peak in the hare population? Why?

A peak in the lynx population occurs after the peak in hare population because predators have a reproductive lag . Predators respond to the energy prey provide. The hares (prey) increase first, providing more food. With more food available, the lynx (predators) survive and reproduce more.

3. What parameter apparently determines the size of the lynx population in the forest in any given test run?

population of hares Lynx depend on hares as their primary food source

• When hare numbers are high, lynx have more food → their population increases

  • When hare numbers drop, there is less food → the lynx population decrease

4. What parameter apparently causes the decline of the hare population?

increase in lynx population.

As the lynx population grows, more hares are hunted

• The higher number of predators reduces the hare population

• Eventually, too many hares are eaten, causing their numbers to drop

5. What other factors might control the populations of the lynx and hares?

• other predators

• natural disasters

• humans

• other prey moves

• weather/ climate

  • habitat loss

6. In real life do you think the hare population would completely disappear in the forest? Why?

NOOOO

1. Refuges and hiding places: Hares can escape predators by hiding in thick vegetation, burrows, or areas predators can’t reach easily.

1. Reproduction rate: Hares reproduce quickly, so even if many are eaten, new hares are born.

2. Predator-prey balance: As hares become scarce, lynx have less food, so their numbers decline, giving hares a chance to recover.

3. Other food sources and habitat diversity: Hares can move to areas with more food or fewer predators, preventing total extinction.

In real ecosystems, populations fluctuate, but natural checks and balances prevent complete disappearance.