Yellow Fever Epidemic on Barbados, Lecture 4

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49 Terms

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isolated
Barbados was ___ from other caribbean islands
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currents and wind
why was it hard to get to Barbados from Western Islands?
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Not volcanic, flat, no rivers
Barbados geography
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immigrants, health, products, not as good
___ like virgina, ___ like NE, ____like virginia, but .....
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No indigenous, no rival europeans, pigs in island already
Why was it "fit for settlement"?
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indebted, make profit for company
The settlers were ___ and needed to ___
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1,000, but they don't die
Immigration per year was ___ (like virgina) BUT
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1640s
No mosquitoes on Barbados until __
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GREAT soil and climate
The benefits of Barbados geography was
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Tobacco, they knew it was a cash crop
Initially Barbados planted what crop? Why?
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tobacco was low quality and made people sick
Why did they struggle to make a profit off of tobacco?
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TERRIBLE
Indentured servants treatment was...
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mostly white, british, Christian
Initial makeup of barbados indentured servants was
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1640
When did planters learn to make sugar?
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Brazil
Where did they probably learn where to make sugar?
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secret, knowledge hoarded by countries like modern nuclear tech
Sugar farming technology was...
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BRUTAL, hard constant work
The process to make sugar was...
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bought enslaved africans, 1641
When they started to make sugar, the planters _____ in ____
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civil war, sent to barbados
Because of ____, Irish and some British were ____
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barbadoz'd (work as POWs)
Those sent to barbados were said to be...
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animals, captives
Barbados sent for huge numbers of ___ and ____
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cows, horses, camels
Sent for animals like...
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POWs, west african slaves
Sent for captive like...
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20,000 and 10,000
Before malaria, there were ~___ europeans and ~____ west and central africans working the sugar
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almost all, about half
____ africans were enslaved, but about ___ of europeans were servants or POWs
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60%, birds (therefore no birds to eat the insects)
There was a rapid deforestation of ___ of the island, which caused the ___ to die out....
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population density around sugar mills, intermixing of human and animal pathogens, WATER HOLES, people exposed with little clothes, lack of birds
Conditions that made barbados perfect for malaria were...
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receive frocks and sometimes shoes; sleep in hammocks
What did the christans receive as clothing/supplies?
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dressed and stockings
What did the women recive that men didn't?
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frocks, rarely shoes, mats, and sometimes cabins
What did the black slaves receive as clothing/supplies?
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1647
When did the mosquitoes first get to barbados?
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English slaving vessel going from west Africa to Barbados
How did the mosquitoes get there?
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Aedes Aegypi mosquito
What was the type of mosquito that carried yellow fever?
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300 years, 30 days
Mosquito flies only ____ in life, lives for ____
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the inital moquitoes must have laid eggs that would then be the ones to carry malaria to barbados
To have mosquitos come from africa to barbados...
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50-60%
What was the malaria mortality rate?
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acute, fulminant, often hemorrhagic
Yellow fever was...
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bitten by a female Aedes aegypi that is viremic
Can only get malaria if...
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some head pains, muscle pain, etc, then better day 2 feel fine, then deep depression, faces and eyes turn yellow (liver), ebola type (bleed from mucus membranes — nose, sometimes eyes)
Advancing symptoms of the virus:
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fall of 1747, no room to bury dead
By _____ there was ____
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80%
Attack rate probably exceeded ___
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30% to 60%
Case fatality rate was ___ to __
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ten to one, stockings and more inside work
Only __ to ___ women were dying because of ___
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"christans", west africans
More ____ died than ___
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they had more immunity as it is a common disease in africa; more tolerated as children, if they had been bitten, they would have immunity for life
West africans had a better survival rate because...
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dengue fever
Cross over immunity the West Africans could have had was from ___
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Covered with proper clothes, high on horse
Why weren't planters as effected?
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that the west africans were better for plantation life and better for labor, thought they were naturally stronger and more hardy
What did the plantation owners conclude from the survival statistics?
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1650s
By ___, barbados stopped having as much Irish and British servants/slaves