Studied by 12 people
convents
Buildings where Catholic nuns live in common.
monasteries
Buildings where Catholic monks live in common.
Christian Humanism
Renaissance intellectual movement that focused on trying to return the Church to earlier and more authentic practice of the faith.
advocate
To argue in support of something.
clergy
The formal leaders of any given religion. Examples of clergy would be priests, bishops, ministers, rabbis, and imams.
layman
A member of a specific religion who is NOT a part of the clergy.
philology
The study of the historical development and origin of language.
Low Countries
Collective term to refer to Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.
patron
Someone who supports the arts or a specific artist.
simony
The act of buying or selling a religious office, such as the position of bishop.
nepotism
The practice of people in a position of power or influence showing undue favoritism to family or friends.
pluralism
The practice of certain Church leaders holding more than one religious office at the same time.
veneration
The action of showing great respect to a created person, such as the Virgin Mary or a saint.
relic
An ancient item that is associated with a holy figure, such as Christ or a saint.
indulgences
Actions that a Catholic can undertake to earn forgiveness of sins; in the 1400’s the Church had begun to sell indulgences angering many.
“Faith and Works”
Catholic teaching that one’s salvation is dependent on both faith and good works.
“Faith alone, Grace alone, Scripture alone”
Luther’s argument that one’s salvation is dependent on faith only (not good works), on God’s mercy, and on what is directly written in the Bible.
excommunication
The action, taken by a religious group, that denies someone the right to participate in the church community; to eject someone from a religion.
Diet of Worms
1521 heresy trial of Martin Luther. He was judged by HRE Charles V.
heresy
To hold positions that are contrary to the accepted teachings of a religious community.
subject
A person who lives in a nation ruled by a crowned head of state (king, queen, emperor, etc.).
recant
To assert that one no longer accepts beliefs that one once supported; to take back something once proclaimed.
papal / papacy
Of, or pertaining to the office of the Pope of the Catholic Church.
celibacy
The act of abstaining from marriage and sexual relations.
vernacular
Any language spoken by the general population of a region, as opposed to Latin, the language of the Church and education.
Scandinavia
The vast region of Northern Europe that includes the nations of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland.
Protestant
Any person who identifies as a Christian, but who is not a part of the Catholic or Orthodox Christian faiths.
social uprising
A revolt by a specific segment of the population against the ruling authorities.
status quo
The existing state of affairs, especially regarding religion and politics.
secular
Anything that is not religious in its character or purpose.
temporal
Relating to worldly as opposed to spiritual affairs; secular.
transubstantiation
Catholic teaching that during the mass (religious service) the communion bread and wine are literally transformed into the actual body and blood of Christ.
consubstantiation
Protestant teaching that during the communion bread and wine are only symbolic representations of the actual body and blood of Christ.
predestination
The Calvinist teaching that God has already determined who is saved and who is damned, even before we are born.
Elect
Calvin’s term for those who God had selected for salvation.
seminaries
Schools where clergy are educated in the beliefs of a specific religion.
