APEH - Unit 2 Vocab (1/1)

convents

Buildings where Catholic nuns live in common.

monasteries

Buildings where Catholic monks live in common.

Christian Humanism

Renaissance intellectual movement that focused on trying to return the Church to earlier and more authentic practice of the faith.

advocate

• To argue in support of something.

clergy

• The formal leaders of any given religion.  Examples of clergy would be priests, bishops, ministers, rabbis, and imams.

layman

• A member of a specific religion who is NOT a part of the clergy.

philology

• The study of the historical development and origin of language.

Low Countries

• Collective term to refer to Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.

patron

• Someone who supports the arts or a specific artist.

simony

• The act of buying or selling a religious office, such as the position of bishop.

nepotism

• The practice of people in a position of power or influence showing undue favoritism to family or friends.

pluralism

• The practice of certain Church leaders holding more than one religious office at the same time.

veneration

• The action of showing great respect to a created person, such as the Virgin Mary or a saint.

relic

• An ancient item that is associated with a holy figure, such as Christ or a saint.

indulgences

• Actions that a Catholic can undertake to earn forgiveness of sins; in the 1400’s the Church had begun to sell indulgences angering many.

“Faith and Works”

• Catholic teaching that one’s salvation is dependent on both faith and good works.

“Faith alone, Grace alone, Scripture alone”

• Luther’s argument that one’s salvation is dependent on faith only (not good works), on God’s mercy, and on what is directly written in the Bible.

excommunication

• The action, taken by a religious group, that denies someone the right to participate in the church community; to eject someone from a religion.

Diet of Worms

• 1521 heresy trial of Martin Luther.  He was judged by HRE Charles V.

heresy

• To hold positions that are contrary to the accepted teachings of a religious community.

subject

• A person who lives in a nation ruled by a crowned head of state (king, queen, emperor, etc.).

recant

• To assert that one no longer accepts beliefs that one once supported; to take back something once proclaimed.

papal / papacy

• Of, or pertaining to the office of the Pope of the Catholic Church.

celibacy

• The act of abstaining from marriage and sexual relations.

vernacular

• Any language spoken by the general population of a region, as opposed to Latin, the language of the Church and education.

Scandinavia

• The vast region of Northern Europe that includes the nations of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland.

Protestant

• Any person who identifies as a Christian, but who is not a part of the Catholic or Orthodox Christian faiths.

social uprising

• A revolt by a specific segment of the population against the ruling authorities.

status quo

• The existing state of affairs, especially regarding religion and politics.

secular

• Anything that is not religious in its character or purpose.

temporal

• Relating to worldly as opposed to spiritual affairs; secular.

transubstantiation

• Catholic teaching that during the mass (religious service) the communion bread and wine are literally transformed into the actual body and blood of Christ.

consubstantiation

• Protestant teaching that during the communion bread and wine are only symbolic representations of the actual body and blood of Christ.

predestination

• The Calvinist teaching that God has already determined who is saved and who is damned, even before we are born.

Elect

• Calvin’s term for those who God had selected for salvation.

seminaries

• Schools where clergy are educated in the beliefs of a specific religion.