Chapter 14 - Male Reproductive System

testicle/testis

male gonads

testicul/o

testicle

epididymis

The coiled tubule that lies against the testes; serves as the location for sperm maturation and storage.

epi-

on, above, upon

penis

male sex organ for copulation

penile

pertaining to the penis

pen/o

penis

glans penis aka glans

the rounded tip at the distal end of the penis (the head)

prepuce / foreskin

fold of the skin that covers the glans penis or the female clitoris.

ductus deferens

Tube that transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

-us

structure thing

vesicle

the small sac containing fluid

vesic/o

sac containing fluid

prostate gland

a gland located at the bladder and surrounding the urethra

pro-

before, in front of

prostat/o

prostate

scrotum

a retractable sac containing the testes. retractility and scrotal extension is required because spermatogenesis requires a lower temp.

androgen

male sex hormones

andr/o

male, masculine

sexual intercourse - coitus - copulation

the insertion of the penis into the vagina

inter-

between, among

ejaculation

the powerful expulsion of semen from the penis

ejacul/o

shoot out

-ation

action, process

erect/o

to set up, straight

gamete

a mature mal reproductive cell; sperm or ova

genitalia/ genitals

external and internal organs or reproduction

genit/o

reproduction

gonad

the male or female reproductive organ that produce reproductive cells, testes or ovaries

gonad/o

gonad, seed

testosterone

primary male androgen: a steroid hormone of the testes

test/o

testis, testicle

perineum

area that extends from below the external genitalia and the anus

pubic region

the area of the external genitalia

pub/o

pubis

semen

a mixture or sperm cells and secretions from the accessory glands.

semin/o

semen

spermatogenesis

creation/ formation of sperm

spermat/o

sperm

ur/o

urine

anorchidism

the absence of one or both testicles; could be due to trauma, doesn’t infer congenital condition

cryptorchidism

failure of one or both testes to descend from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum

crypt/o , crypt-

hidden

-ism

condition, state of

-cele

hernia , swelling

orchitis

inflammation of the testis

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis: the coiled tube that is attached to the testis

balan/o

glans penis

balanitis

inflammation of the glans and prepuce of the penis

epispadias

the urethral meatus is located on the upper (dorsal) surface of the shaft of the penis

impotence (ED)

inability to achieve an erection or maintain an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse

im-

not, without

phimosis

a narrowing or tightening of the prepuce so that it cannot be retracted to expose glands penis

priapism

persistent and painful erection of the penis

aspermia

condition of no sperm

sterility

not capable of producing offspring; a man’s inability to impregnate a fertile female after a year of intercourse.

-ity

condition, state of

oligospermia

scanty amount/ deficient numbers of sperm in the semen.

testicular torsion

a testicle rotates, twisting the spermatic cord, which reduces or cuts off blood flow; a medical emergency due to the risk of losing a testicle

varicocele

swelling / varicosity of the veins of the spermatic cord.

varic/o

varicosity

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate

-trophy

nourishment, development

prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate

condom

a sheath or cover for the penis to prevent conception and infection; it creates a barrier to the release of sperm, is one of several barrier contraceptives.

circumcision

surgical removal of the prepuce

orchidopexy

surgical fixation (reattachment in the correct position) to move an undescended testis into the scrotum; use to treat cryptorchidism

penoplasty

surgical repair of the penis; sometimes it is for enhancing the size of the penis.

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

a surgical treatment for prostatic hypertrophy; removes portions of the prostate gland by accessing the gland

transurethral

through the urethra, which is the structure that excrete urines out of the bladder.

vasovasostomy aka vasectomy reversal

a surgical procedure that reverses a vasectomy

spermicide

agent that destroys sperm

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the body’s immune system is badly damages because of the virus.

syn-

together

candidiasis

a yeast infection that affects mostly women; causes extreme itching, soreness and redness in the vaginal areas and produces white clumpy vaginal discharge that resembles cottage cheese.

chlamydia

one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, often asymptomatic but can lead to serious reproductive issues. Known as the “silent epidemic”

genital herpes

herpes can show up as cold sores or fever blisters as well as patches of vesicles in the genital or anal area that may spread to other parts of the body.

gonorrhea

most associated with a yellowish-green penile or vaginal discharge

gon/o

seed

hepatitis

Hepatitis B(HBV) is the most common form to be spread from sexual intercourse - viral-

HEP A (spread through contaminated food)

HEP C most notable spread through sharing needles or spread via blood, semen and bodily fluids

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

a virus that attacks the immune system. spread by blood, semen, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids. Left untreated can lead to AIDS.

Human papilloma virus

most common STI, variety of strains that can cause genital warts and lead to cervical cancer.

syphilis

a bacterial sexually transmitted disease, four stages of this disease most frequently associated with a firm, round, painless, sore called a chancre.

Trichomoniasis

a protozoan infection

symptoms in men: pain, burning or itching of the penis or urethra

symptoms in women: yellow-green frothy, “fishy” smelling discharge

BPH

benign prostatic hyperplasia

ED

erectile disfunction

TURP

transurethral resection of prostate

HBV

Hepatitis B Virus