Chapter 11: The Cotton Revolution

Mississippi River

Mississippi River

Throughout the 1820s and 1830s, the federal government implemented several forced migrations of Native Americans, establishing a system of reservations west of the ________ on which all eastern peoples were required to relocate and settle.

Economic growth

________, violence, and exploitation coexisted and mutually reinforced evangelical Christianity in the South.

1820s

As late as the ________, southern life was predicated on a rural lifestyle- farming, laboring, acquiring land and enslaved laborers, and producing whatever that land and those enslaved laborers could produce.

Cotton

________ had become the foundation of the southern economy, and as a result, southern planters, politicians, merchants, and traders became more and more dedicated- some would say "obsessed- "to the means of its production: slavery.

southern economy

The existence of slavery and its importance to the ________ became the defining factor in what would be known as the Slave South.

ancient ancestral traditions

The creation of family units, distant relations, and communal traditions allowed enslaved people to maintain religious beliefs, ________, and even names passed down from generation to generation in a way that challenged enslavement.

American South

By the early 1800s, the ________ had developed a niche in the European market for "luxurious "long- staple cotton grown exclusively on the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.

Cotton had become the foundation of the southern economy, and as a result, southern planters, politicians, merchants, and traders became more and more dedicated-some would say "obsessed"-to the means of its production

slavery

Petit gulf

___________ is a hybrid strain of cotton that changed cotton markets

The cotton gin

_____________ is a machine developed by Eli Whitney in 1794 for deseeding cotton

The federal government implemented several forced migrations of Native Americans, allowing them to auction off the land

How was land made available in the Cotton Belt?

Without slavery, there could be no Cotton Kingdom, so the use and purchase of enslaved laborers was justified and protected by the success of the Cotton Kingdom

How did the rise of cotton result in slavery becoming a necessary part of the southern economy?

The creation of family units, distant relations, and communal traditions allowed enslaved people to maintain a culture that they were taken away from

How did enslaved peoples build their own cultures?

Southern ministers contended that God himself had selected Africans for bondage, and they stressed the importance of subservience of enslaved people

How was religion used to justify slavery?

The Cotton Kingdom

________________________ was a term used to describe the vast expanse of cotton plantations that extended throughout the South

The value placed on both the work and the bodies of the enslaved themselves

What was the most important aspect of southern slavery?

That there would be a slave revolt or rebellion

What was one of the greatest fears of southern elites?

The rural lifestyle

_____________ was the most common in the South

Steam power

What advancement in transportation changed the South and the nation as a whole?

45%

Enslaved people made up ___ of the southern population

Evangelical Christianity

Economic growth, violence, and exploitation coexisted and mutually reinforced ____________________ in the South

White preachers or enslavers

Enslaved people most commonly received Christian instruction from _______________________

Enslaved people faced threats to family networks, marriages, and household stability

What threats did enslaved people face all the time while enslaved in the South