APUSH period 1&2

The first migrants to america are believed to have arrived how?

Via bering land bridge

What are the early advanced civilizations?

Maya in Yucatan Peninsula, Aztecs in central mexico, and Incas in Peruvian andes

What was the capital of the Aztec empire?

Tenochtitlan

What religion did the early civilizations of america have?

Animism

What are th causes of European exploration?

Technology improvements, spreading religion, expanding trade routes, and development of nation states

Who is siad to have discovered America?

Christopher Columbus in 1492 came to the bahammas

What is the columbian exchange?

It is the transfer of crops, animals, technology, and diseases between the new world and the old world

What is the treaty of tordesillas?

1494 Spain and Portugal divided the new world. Spain got the West and Portugal got the East

How did the protestant reformation lead to people moving to the new world?

To become free from the roman catholic church people moved west to worship in a protestant way

What did spanish conquistadors do?

They went to the new world to conquer natives, take the riches and convert them to catholocism

What is the encomienda system?

It gave spaniards land grants and whatever that was on the land was that person's property, including the natives on the land.

What was the spanish's caste system?

Spanish, spanish decendants, europeans, slaves/natives

Who conquered the aztecs?

Hernando cortes

Who conquered the incas?

Francissco Piazarro

What disease was brought into the new world from the old world?

Small Pox

What crop increased populations in the old world that came from the new world?

Maize/corn

What native group was in the north east?

Algonquin

Which native group was in the south west?

Pueblo

What native group was in the East?

Iroquois

What joint-stock company did Henry Hudson have?

The Dutch West India Company

What was the competition between countries?

To have power you needed lots of gold and sliver and lots of land

Where were the spanish settlements in North America?

Florida, New mexico, Texas, and California

What was the pueblo revolt?

The Imposing encomienda system and aggressive conversions to catholicism led the natives to fight the Spanish causing the natives to take control of the region until years later when the Spanish reclaimed the land.

What was the economy of New Englad colonies?

Ship building, fishing, merchants, fur trade

What was the climate of the chesapeake colonies?

Swampy

What colonies make up the chesapeake colonies?

Virginia and Maryland

What year was Jamestown founded?

1607

What was the first permenant english colony in America?

Jamestown, Virginia

How did Jamestown be founded?

King James I charted the virginia company to found jamestown

What is a joint-stock company?

Investors that would fund the trips and supplies for the new world in order to make profit

What were the early colonists of Jamestown?

Single Men

What was the cause for the early settlers to come to Jamestown?

They were hoping to find gold just as the spanish did, but did not find any

What caused early death in the Jamestown colony?

People wouldn't work because they were looking for gold and didn't know how to find food. There were many deaths because of dysentary and malaria outbreaks that were facilitated through the swampy area.

When were the starving times of James town?

1607-1609

How did Jamestown survive?

Captain John Smith lead the colonists to survive using the rule if you don't work you don't eat

Who was John Rolfe?

He was the person that was able to make the James town colony profitable through the export of tabacco

What eventually happened to Jamestown?

The virginia company went bankrupt and King James I took the charter and took direct control over the colony. Which is now known as Virgina, it is England's first royal colony.

When was maryland founded?

1632

Who was granted control of maryland?

George Calvert a catholic noble

What was Maryland known for?

It was known for its religious tolerance for mainly catholics

What is the maryland act of toleration?

1649, the first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all catholics.

What was the chesapeake colonies economy?

Tabacco cash crop

What colonies were in New England?

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, connecticut, new hampshire

What year was plymouth massachusetts found?

1620

What were the Plymouth colonists motivated by?

Religion, specifically the escape of religious persecution in england

What were the colonists of plymouth?

They were the pilgrims, that came in family units

What religion were the pilgrims?

The were Puratains, which meant they wanted to purify the church from within

What was the name of the boat the pilgrims came to america on?

The mayflower

What was the mayflower compact?

an early agreement to work together the pilgrims of plymouth made

What are seperatists?

Radical dissenters that wanted to seperate from the church of england

What is predestination?

The idea that only certain people can make it to heaven

When was the massachusetts bay colony found?

1630

Who led the massachusetts bay colony?

John Winthrop

What was the goal of John Winthrop?

it was to create a perfect society, a city upon the hill that is a beacon of light that purifys the world

What is the great migration?

1650, 15000 settlers migrated to the bay colony due to religious and political conflicts in England

When was Rhode Island found?

1644

Who found rhode island?

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison

Who is Roger Williams?

He was banished from Massachusetts bay because he disagreed with taking native land and having religion in the government and founded Rhode island with religious freedom and recognized the rights of natives

Who is Anne Hutchinson

Banished because she thought that anyone who worshiped god would go to heaven and she spoke out about treatment of women, she founded another colony in rhode island.

When was connecticut founded?

1665

What is rhode Island known for?

It is known for its religious freedom and acceptance of natives

What is the fundamental orders of connecticut?

1639, the first written constitution in the colonies, establishing a representative government elected by popular vote and a govern chosen by legislator

Why was New hampshire created?

1679, King Charles II wanted to reexert control in the area

How did the north farm?

It farmed throgh substinence farming, only farming enough for families to eat

What is the halfway covenant?

Because of the decline in members of the puratains due to their strict rules, they allowed for partial church membership even if the peopl had not felt aconversion.

Why was women returning to the puratain church important?

Because it convinced men to come

What are the middle colonies known for?

Breadbasket, had lots of grain/wheat

What was the religious tolerance in the middle colonies?

The religious tolerance was high

What is georgia?

A military buffer for the spanish colony in florida

What were indentured servants?

A person in debt or poor that would be sent over to america to do free labor to work off debts and they would gain some things and a free trip over

What was the headright system?

it was a way to encourage people to come to the new world by the rich paying for people to come to the new world and they would gain land

What is the virginia house of burgesses?

the earliest representative assembly that was controlled by the elite wealthy men

What were new england town meetings?

they were created to debate local issues and to elect members to colonial legislators this was controlled by male members of the puratain church

What is the trans atlantic trade/ triangular trade system?

A trade system that connected America, Europe and Africa

What would happen from America to Africa on the triangular trade?

A ship would leave New England carying rum to west africa, trading this for captive slaves and gold

What would happen from Africa to the west indies on the triangular trade?

Enslaved africans would endure the treachurous middle passage to the west indies where they were traded for sugarcane

What would happen from the west indies to new england on the triangular trade?

The sugarcane would go to new england to make more rum

What is mercantilism?

an economic theory that a country's wealth and power were determined by how much more it exported than imported

What good did the french benefit from in america?

Fur

What good did england benefit from in america?

Tobacco

What good did spain benefit from in america?

Gold

What was the role of the different europe powers' colonies in mercantilism?

Their role was to import raw materials to the mother country to promote that countries industries

What are the navagation acts?

They are regulations placed on english colonies, saying they can only trade with england.

What did the colonists do due to the navagation acts?

They smuggled in goods

Why was it hard to enforce the navagation acts?

Because england was far away from amaerica

What is salutary neglect?

Because England was busy with european conflicts they loosened up enforcement on the colonies

Which colony did England take away the charter for because it was the center of smuggling during salutary neglect?

Massachusetts bay colony

How did King James II increase royal control over the north region?

He combined the new england colonies, new york, and new jersey into the dominion of New england

Who was sir edmund andros and why was he hated?

he was the govenor of the dominion of new england and levied taxes, limited town meetings, and revoked land titles of colonists

Who dominated the slave trade in the 15th century?

Portugeuese

How many africans were forcibly transported through the middle passage to north america by 1807?

400,000

What is metacom's war (king philips war)?

It is a war between natives from the wampanoag and the colonist because the colonists kept moving onto the natives land, the colonists won and beheaded metacom (king philip)

What is bacon's rebellion?

a rebellion against the corrupt william berkley because he was ignoring their grivances about native attacks because they moved west.

What did Bacon's rebellion demonstrate?

It demonstrated class tensions and resistance to royal control.

What are the examples of native resistance towards colonizers?

Pueblo revolt, king phillips war

What is Chattel slavery?

It is slavery where they are bread and sold like cattle

What are the slave codes?

Made slavery a permanent condition, defined as property, inherited through their mother, could not own land, could not learn how to read or write

How did african slaves resist slavery?

Daily acts of resistance, escaping, maintaing culture and traditions, rebellion

What was the stono rebellion?

An african slave rebellion that resulted in harsher slave codes and the slaughter of many african slaves.

What is pluralism?

a diversity of beliefs, ethnicities, races, religions, and ideas