Fallacies

Appeal to Popularity

Arguing that something is true or good simply because it is widely believed.

Faulty Appeal to Authority

Relying on the opinion of an authority figure without properly evaluating their credibility or the evidence.

False Choice / Dilemma / Dichotomy

Presenting only two options when more exist, forcing a choice between two extremes.

Hasty Generalization

Making a broad statement based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.

Post Hoc (Chanticleer Fallacy)

Assuming that because one event follows another, the first caused the second.

Begging the Question (Tautology)

Using the conclusion as part of the premise, leading to a circular argument.

Unit Fallacy

Mistaking or conflating different categories or units inappropriately.

Fallacy of Antecedent

Assuming that because something hasn’t happened before, it can’t happen in the future.

Faulty Analogy

Making a comparison between two things that are not sufficiently alike in relevant ways.

Slippery Slope

Arguing that a small first step will lead to significant and undesirable consequences without evidence for the chain of events.

Appeal to Ignorance

Claiming something is true because it hasn’t been proven false (or vice versa).

Straw Man

Misrepresenting or distorting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.

Red Herring

Introducing irrelevant information to divert attention from the original issue.

Appeal to Tradition

Arguing that something is better or correct simply because it has been done or believed for a long time.

All Natural Fallacy

Claiming something is good or better simply because it is natural.

Ad Hominem

Attacking the person making the argument rather than addressing the argument itself.