Fallacies

  1. Appeal to Popularity: Arguing that something is true or good simply because it is widely believed.

  2. Faulty Appeal to Authority: Relying on the opinion of an authority figure without properly evaluating their credibility or the evidence.

  3. False Choice / Dilemma / Dichotomy: Presenting only two options when more exist, forcing a choice between two extremes.

  4. Hasty Generalization: Making a broad statement based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.

  5. Post Hoc (Chanticleer Fallacy): Assuming that because one event follows another, the first caused the second.

  6. Begging the Question (Tautology): Using the conclusion as part of the premise, leading to a circular argument.

  7. Unit Fallacy: Mistaking or conflating different categories or units inappropriately.

  8. Fallacy of Antecedent: Assuming that because something hasn’t happened before, it can’t happen in the future.

  9. Faulty Analogy: Making a comparison between two things that are not sufficiently alike in relevant ways.

  10. Slippery Slope: Arguing that a small first step will lead to significant and undesirable consequences without evidence for the chain of events.

  11. Appeal to Ignorance: Claiming something is true because it hasn’t been proven false (or vice versa).

  12. Straw Man: Misrepresenting or distorting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.

  13. Red Herring: Introducing irrelevant information to divert attention from the original issue.

  14. Appeal to Tradition: Arguing that something is better or correct simply because it has been done or believed for a long time.

  15. All Natural Fallacy: Claiming something is good or better simply because it is natural.

  16. Ad Hominem: Attacking the person making the argument rather than addressing the argument itself.