Psychology module 9-16

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27 Terms

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neuron

a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system, communication within brain

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Parts of the neuron

Cell body and branching fibers. Bushy dendrite fibers that listen(root like); axon fibers that speak(long action potention). terminal branches(form junctions w/ other cells)

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Multiple sclerosis

Communication to muscles slows with eventual loss of muscle control caused by myelin sheath degeneration

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Action potential

electrical charge that travels down axon

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resting potential

positive charge ions outside of axons membrane and negative inside

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axon

The surface is selectively permeable. Can be depolarized when fired

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Refractory period

Period of inactivity after a neuron has fired

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Threshhold

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neutral impulse(action potential)

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Order of lobes from front, over top

Frontal-parietal-occiputal- temporal

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Frontal Lobe

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Motor Cortex

Rear of frontal lobes, control voluntary movement

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Somatosensory cortex

Front of partial lobes, registers & processes body touch & movement sensations

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Association areas

Most of brains cortex, involved in learning, remembering, thinking, & other higher level functions

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Glial cells

support, nourish, & protect neurons. Role in learning & thinking. Glial cells make myelin sheath(fatty tissue layer that holds axons (transmission & growth)

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Localization of functions

What parts of the brain do(function) branch off from phrenology.

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Synapse

Space between neurons, synaptic gap in between cells

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Myelin Sheath

Speed conduction of action potential(hopping of myelin sheaths gaps), protects neurons from electrical signals from other neurons from entering axon. Fatty cells.

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Breakdown of myelin sheath

causes loss of muscle control (multiple sclerosis(MS))

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Random Assignment

Assignment of sample into two groups(experimental & control) in experimental studies, By chance

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Random sample

Gives all participants equal opportunity of participating in experiment, ind. from larger population to represent populaiton as a whole

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Brain Stem

consists of medulla, controls basic functions such as breathing and heartbeat

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Thalamus

Sesnory input system, ex smell

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Cerebellum

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Electroencephalagram(EEG)

Electrodes taped to the outer head, shown in graphs to show neuron firing/ electrical patterns. Neuronal activity

<p>Electrodes taped to the outer head, shown in graphs to show neuron firing/ electrical patterns. Neuronal activity</p>
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Areas of brain that affect language

Left hemisphere(Broca’s & Wernicke’s area)

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Difference of Wernicks vs. Broca’s area

Broca’s produce speech & Wernicks comprehend speech. Damage can lead to aphasia

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Lower parts of brain

Brain stem