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Vocabulary
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neuron
a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system, communication within brain
Parts of the neuron
Cell body and branching fibers. Bushy dendrite fibers that listen(root like); axon fibers that speak(long action potention). terminal branches(form junctions w/ other cells)
Multiple sclerosis
Communication to muscles slows with eventual loss of muscle control caused by myelin sheath degeneration
Action potential
electrical charge that travels down axon
resting potential
positive charge ions outside of axons membrane and negative inside
axon
The surface is selectively permeable. Can be depolarized when fired
Refractory period
Period of inactivity after a neuron has fired
Threshhold
The level of stimulation required to trigger a neutral impulse(action potential)
Order of lobes from front, over top
Frontal-parietal-occiputal- temporal
Frontal Lobe
Motor Cortex
Rear of frontal lobes, control voluntary movement
Somatosensory cortex
Front of partial lobes, registers & processes body touch & movement sensations
Association areas
Most of brains cortex, involved in learning, remembering, thinking, & other higher level functions
Glial cells
support, nourish, & protect neurons. Role in learning & thinking. Glial cells make myelin sheath(fatty tissue layer that holds axons (transmission & growth)
Localization of functions
What parts of the brain do(function) branch off from phrenology.
Synapse
Space between neurons, synaptic gap in between cells
Myelin Sheath
Speed conduction of action potential(hopping of myelin sheaths gaps), protects neurons from electrical signals from other neurons from entering axon. Fatty cells.
Breakdown of myelin sheath
causes loss of muscle control (multiple sclerosis(MS))
Random Assignment
Assignment of sample into two groups(experimental & control) in experimental studies, By chance
Random sample
Gives all participants equal opportunity of participating in experiment, ind. from larger population to represent populaiton as a whole
Brain Stem
consists of medulla, controls basic functions such as breathing and heartbeat
Thalamus
Sesnory input system, ex smell
Cerebellum
Electroencephalagram(EEG)
Electrodes taped to the outer head, shown in graphs to show neuron firing/ electrical patterns. Neuronal activity
Areas of brain that affect language
Left hemisphere(Broca’s & Wernicke’s area)
Difference of Wernicks vs. Broca’s area
Broca’s produce speech & Wernicks comprehend speech. Damage can lead to aphasia
Lower parts of brain
Brain stem