Chapter_3

Political rights

Rights associated with political participation, such as the right to vote and run for office.

Social rights

Rights related to basic well-being and socioeconomic equality, including public education and healthcare.

Popular sovereignty

The concept that legitimacy of a regime comes from the people as a whole.

Regime

A set of formal and informal political institutions that define a type of government.

Social contract theory

The political philosophy that legitimate governments are formed when free individuals consent to allow representatives to govern.

Liberal democracy

A political system that combines democratic governance and liberal rights, focusing on protection of individual freedoms.

Social democracy

A political ideology that advocates for citizens to control both political and economic spheres.

Historical materialism

The Marxist theory that economic forces are the primary drivers of history and politics.

Dictatorship of the proletariat

The political system where the working class holds power over all other classes.

Neofascism

Political movements characterized by extreme nationalism and often anti-immigrant sentiments.

Shura

The Islamic principle of consultation with the people in the governance process.

Jihad

The struggle in Islam, which can refer to personal, communal, or protective efforts against evil or injustice.