Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of 2+ sentences/clauses in a row. “Go big or go home.”
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Chiasmus
The same words are used twice in succession, but the second time, the order of words is reversed. “Pleasure's a sin, and sometimes sin's a pleasure.”
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Antithesis
Two opposite or contrasting words/phrases/clauses/ideas with parallel structure. “Speech is silver and silence is gold.”
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Zuegma (Syllepsis)
When a single word modifies 2+ other words, and the meaning of the first word must change for each of the other words it modifies. “John and his license expired last week.”
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Assonance
The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds. “The kind knight rides by.”
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Consonance
The repetition of the same consonant sound at the end of words or within words. “Hickory dickory dock.”
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Internal rhyme
When a line of poetry contains a rhyme within a single line. “The cat in the hat.”
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Slant Rhyme
When a poet creates a rhyme, but the two words do not rhyme exactly. “Down” and “profound”.
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Meter
A regular pattern to the syllables in lines of poetry
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Iambic Pentameter
Poetry that is written in lines of 10 syllables, alternating stressed and unstressed syllables. “When I do count the clock that tells the time.”
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Sonnet
A 14 line poem written in iambic pentameter, usually divided into 3 quatrains and a couplet
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Polysyndeton
When a writer creates a list of items which are all separated by conjunctions. Normally only used before the last item of a list, often used to slow down the pace of writing or add an authoritative tone. “...with mops and scrubbing-brushes and hammers and garden-shears.”
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Aristotle’s Rhetorical Triangle
The relationships, in any piece of writing, between the writer, the audience, and the subject. All analysis of writing is essentially analysis of the relationships between the points.
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Romanticism
Art or literature characterized by an idealistic, perhaps unrealistic view of people and the world, and an emphasis on nature. Does not rely on traditional themes and structures.
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Balanced sentence
A sentence in which two parallel elements are set off against each other like equal weights on a scale. Both parts are parallel grammatically. “If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.”
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Cumulative (loose) sentence
When the writer begins with an independent clause, then adds subordinate elements.