Literature Final

YA Lit is literature written for young people ages 11-17, and they must be marked "young adult" by a publisher.

False

According to your textbook, which novel is considered by many to be the prototypical young adult book?

The Outsiders

\__________ plot covers a particular period of time, relate the events in order within the time period, and can be progressive or episodic.

Chronological

\________ \__________ refers to the changes, good or bad, that the character undergoes during the course of the events in the story.

Character development

The \_____ \_____ is an extensive book-length narrative in which the text is written in speech bubbles or as captions to comic book-like illustrations.

graphic novel

The primary benefit derived from reading excellent young adult literature should be enjoyment.

True

Studies have shown that YA novels lack the sophistication and literary merit of the classic literature used in high school classrooms.

False

The protagonist is the character or force that is in direct opposition to the main character.

False

Graphic novels can engage students who are visually oriented or who struggle with more complex prose.

True

Themes in YA literature must not overpower the plot and characters and should not be didactic since young adults read fiction primarily for enjoyment, not for enlightenment.

True

Authors of modern fantasy have the challenge of persuading readers to believe that unreal, strange or magical events nevertheless have an internal logic and consistency. What are the two main ways that authors of modern fantasy accomplish this?

- Authors of modern fantasy will begin the story in a familiar, ordinary setting with typical contemporary human beings as characters

- Authors of modern fantasy will create well-rounded characters and well-described settings within the realm of a fantasy world to make the imagined world believable

Science fiction incorporates fantastical elements and more grounded notions from evolving theories in sciences. Which of the following elements are included in this genre?

- Space technologies and time travel

- Future political and social systems

Modern fantasy has its roots in traditional folk literature, therefore these stories' events, settings, and/or characters are within the realm of possibility.

False

In the cycle format, one book is linked to another across three or four volumes through characters and/or settings.

True

\_____ refers to a term in certain literary works where there is a feel of realism, but the magical elements in the work manifest themselves in a way that causes them to fall outside the definition of realistic fiction.

Magical realism

In a time-warp fantasy, a present-day protagonist goes back in time to a different era.

True

Utopian novels, existing on the blurred lines between fantasy and science fiction, depict a future place whose people live in fearful, wretched conditions usually in a post-apocalyptic urban setting.

False

Tom Swift and His Airship by Victor Appleton is credited with being the first juvenile science fiction novel.

True

YA modern fantasy books appeal to adults as well as adolescents so that many have made a major crossover into adult readership.

True

Poetry

- uses precise/ imaginative words

- tend to be rhythmic

- oral tradition

Verse

stories told with a distinct beat

Jingle

catchy tune

Anthologies

poetry collections

Thematic Poetry

poems on one topic

Meaning

mood, idea, feelings

Rhythm

cadence of a poem

Sound patterns include:

- rhyme: ends of words

- assonance: repeat vowel sound (hoop, gloom)

- alliteration: repeat consonant (ship, shy)

- onomatopoeia: use of words to make sounds (hiss, buzz)

Figurative language includes:

similes, metaphors (comparisons); personification (human qualities to non-human objects); hyperbole (exaggeration)

Sense imagery

five senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell)

How to appreciate poetry:

- enthusiastic

- wise selection

- read aloud well

- give opportunities for students to read/ enjoy poetry

Evaluating and selecting poetry:

National Council of Teachers of English Excellence in Poetry for Children Award NCTE

Types/ forms of poetry include:

- lyric

- narrative

- limerick

- sonnet

- ballad

- haiku

- renga

- free verse

- concrete

Using poetry in the classroom:

- students listen to and/or say poems

- reading aloud

- choral

- students read

- students write their own

- relating technology and poetry

Historical Fiction

- remote time: 20+ years

- imaginary story line constructed around facts

- events and characters' actions are real

- actual historical events

-authentic time period

- real historical figures

- written in generation that author is not from

- main character imaginary, secondary characters actual figures

One significant historical event is:

- U.S. Revolutionary War

- Johnny Tremain (fictional) main character

- Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and Paul Revere minor characters

Social traditions, customs, morals, and values of the period (The Witch of Blackbird Point)

- American colonies of 1687

- Conflict of colonists loyal to king and colony of Connecticut

- Puritan religion

- friends with a Quaker suspected of being a witch

- facts: dress, behavior, ideas

Evaluating and selecting historical fiction:

- historical facts\=accurate

- setting: described in detail (hair, clothing, furnishings, food/ prep, transportation)

- language: dialect of period/ day

- bias: story must not be one-sided, characters behave in historically accurate fashion

Topics of historical fiction:

- universal themes: war, family closeness in adversity, seeking refuge and opportunities through immigration, and economic challenges

- periods of history in fiction: beginnings to 3000 BC; Ancient world 3000 BC- A.D. 600; Medieval world 600-1500; Modern nations 1500-1800; industrial society 1800-1914; world wars 1914-1945; post-WWII era 1945-1980s

Culturally responsive instruction

instruction grounded in making the school experience relevant to all students by:

- reshaping school curriculum to encompass perspectives of all cultures represented in the student body while adhering to standards of achievement

- employing teaching strategies that suit the learning styles of all

Goal of culturally responsive instruction

make connections with students' backgrounds, interests, and experiences so that all students feel part of the school experience, stay engaged, and be successful in learning

Multicultural literature in an educational community

- all books about people and their individual or group experiences originating both in this country and in others

- literature by and about groups in this country that have been overshadowed and to various degrees disregarded by the dominant Euro-American culture (includes all racial, ethnic, religious, and language group minorities; those living with disabilities; members of the LGBTQIA+ community; low ses members)

evaluating and selecting multicultural literature:

- authentic depiction of the cultural experience from the perspective of that group

- accuracy of cultural details in text/ illustrations

- positive images of minority characters

- balance between historic and contemporary views of groups

- adequate representation of any group

Book award programs promoting excellence in multicultural literature:

- The Coretta Scott King Award

- The Asian/ Pacific American Award for Literature

- The National Jewish Book Awards

- The Americans Book Award for Children's and Young Adult Literature

- The Pura Belpre' Award

Librarian Teaching Strategies:

- organizing lessons around literary genres

- organizing lessons by author

- organizing lessons to include notable books

Reading aloud benefits include

- proves that reading can be entertaining and rewarding

- improves reading skills by motivating more reading

- gives teachers/ librarians the opportunity to model fluent, expressive reading