Hobbs Unit 8

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Alfred Thayer Mahan

Navy officer whose ideas on naval warfare and the importance of sea-power changed how America viewed its navy; wrote "The influence of Sea Power upon History"

Alvin York

Killed 25 machine-gunners and captured 132 German soldiers when his soldiers took cover; won Congressional Medal of Freedom \n Most decorated combat soldier of WW1

Gene Debs

Founded the IWW in 1901, then left because they got too radical \n Labor leader/socialist \n Went to the Federal penitentiary for encouraging workers to strike and people not to show up for drafts \n Ran for president and won 3% of the votes from prison

John J. Pershing (Black Jack)

Ordered to break up Villa's bandit gang. His hastily formed troops went deep in to Mexico and clashed with Carranza's forces and killed many Villistas, but missed Villa himself. the army was withdrawn as the treat of war with Germany moved closer. \n Commanded the AEF- American Expeditionary Force \n Insisted that US troops fight under US officers

Oliver Windell Holmes

most important jurist in 20th Century - wrote Common Law - did not believe right or wrong existed absolutely - laid foundation for abortion, homosexuality, and divorce \n Nominated by Teddy Roosevelt \n Schenck v. United States: Can't shout fire in a crowded building \n Buck v. Bell: sterilization laws

Teddy Roosevelt

26th President, from 1901-1909, passed two acts that purified meat, took over in 1901 when McKinley was shot, Went after trusts, formed the "Bull Moose Party", wanted to build the Panama canal, and make our Navy ( military stronger ) \n Rough Riders \n McKinley's VP \n Youngest VP & P in history \n Great White Fleet: white as a sign of peace, no guns, offered support \n Trust Busty \n Meat Inspection Act/ Pure Food and Drug Act \n Progressivist \n Antiquities Act/Organic Act \n Nominated Oliver Windell Holmes to Supreme Court \n Panama Canal \n Roosevelt Corollary: Platt Amendment \n Gentlemen's Agreement

William Appleman Williams

Historian @ UCLA \n Said that once the frontier closed, the frontier spirit lived on. Expansionist sort of spirit. \n Expansionism: business & military=>imperialism

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize \n Governor of NJ, reelected in 1910, ran for president in 1913 on a New Freedom

"The Strenuous Life

Speech given by Teddy Roosevelt \n An individual who puts great effort into his work and is not lazy, he claims, will be a success. It is the duty of someone who does not engage in manual labor for a living to devote himself to the arts or sciences.

16th Amendment

Established Congress' right to impose a Federal income tax \n Economic Progressivism

17th Amendment

Direct election of Senators \n Democratic Progressivism

18th Amendment

Prohibition \n Social Progressivism

American Expeditionary Force

Force outside of US \n First one was led by Pershing

Annexation of Hawaii

In 1893 a putsch leads to American control of Hawaii \n Sanford Dole arranged for Queen Liluh Kilani to be overthrown then he took control over Hawaii

Antiquities Act

Allowed presidents to designate national monuments and other culturally significant location \n Efficient Progressivism

Banana Republics

Any country that is overly dependent on a single export commodity \n Panama: bananas \n United Fruit Company basically ran Panama: Chiquita \n Argentina: cattle \n Cuba: sugar/cigar tobacco/USS Maine exploded \n Brazil & Guatemala: coffee \n Chile: mines; phosphates \n Venezuela: oil

Bull Moose Party

Roosevelt's party \n Progressive party

Clayton Antitrust Act

1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act

Conservationism

Environmental view which stated that land should be protected for carefully managed development, led to the formation of the National Parks System \n Theodore Roosevelt \n Efficiency Progressivism

Democracy Progressivism

17th amendment: direct election of senators: 1913 \n 19th amendment: women's right to vote: 1920 \n Initiative & referendum \n People get to petition to propose laws & people vote on laws directly

Espionage Act

1917 act gave the government new ways to combat spying

Federal Reserve Act

Raised interest rates when economy got too hot \n Lowers interest rates when economy got too cool \n Managed the economy so no major crashes happened \n Economic Progressivism

Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I. \n No secret treaties \n National self determination \n Arms limitations \n League of nations \n No provision to strip Germany of Eastern territories \n Armistice day

Gentlemen's Agreement

Government of Japan stopped issuing Visas to immigrants, unless their family was already over there in return for the US eliminating nativist policies

HMS Lusitania

Cargo and passenger ship \n Sunk by German submarines \n Killed 1100 people, 128 Americans

Imperialism

Control of one group by another, more powerful group

Influence of Sea Power on History

Written by Alfred Thayer Mahan \n Started the drive toward superior naval power \n Began a worldwide arms race

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations \n Included in Fourteen points \n Wilson's baby

Meuse-Argonne Campaign

Allies broke through German lines \n Most important military effort by Americans \n Led by Pershing

Naval War of 1812

Written by Roosevelt \n Goes over the naval battles and technology used in the war of 1812

Panama Canal

In Columbia \n Organized by Roosevelt

Pure Food & Drug Act

1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA. \n Protected consumers from false advertisement or potentially dangerous products

Roosevelt Corollary

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

Schenck v. US

Freedom of speech is limited if there is clear and present danger \n Case where socialist was saying the draft was violating the 13th amendment \n Oliver Windell Holmes

Sherman Antitrust Act

First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions \n Economic Progressivism

Social Progressivism

Adamson Act: 1916: 8 hr. Workday \n Keating Owen Act: 1916: No child labor \n 18th Amendment: Prohibition: 1919

Spanish-American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence \n Consisted of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Guam \n Cuba: we wanted the cigar tobacco, then the USS Maine got blown up and we took Cuba using Teddy Roosevelt's rough riders \n Philippines: win a battle outside of Manilla/ Dewey- Battle of Manilla Bay

The Jungle

Upton Sinclair \n Fictional book that described a guy dying in a meat factory \n Led to the Meat and Inspection Act

Treaty of Versailles

14 points introduced \n League of Nations founded

Unitec Fruit Company

Ran Panama \n Once a railing company then changed to bananas \n Changed name to Chiquita

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters with an allies flag

Zimmerman Telegram

German asked Mexico to join Germany \n Britain sends the telegram to the New York Times