Human Trafficking and Maltreatment

what is teh def of sex trafficing

a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion or in which th eperson induced to perfrom scuh an act ahs not attained 18yrs of age or the recuritment, harboring, transportation or obtaining of a person for labor or services thru force or cohersion for the purpose of slavery

whats the diff between human trafficking and human smuggling

Human trafficking involves exploiting men, women, or children for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.

Human smuggling involves the provision of a service—typically, transportation or fraudulent documents—to an individual who voluntarily seeks to gain illegal entry into a foreign country

what is the AMP model

Stands for “Action-Means-Purpose”; used to simply the def of human trafficking

• Human trafficking occurs when a perpetrator, often referred to as a trafficker, takes an Action, and then employs the Means of force, fraud or coercion for the Purpose of compelling the victim to provide commercial sex acts or labor or services. At a minimum, one element from each column must be present to establish a potential situation of human trafficking.

Key legal concept: Any child under the age of 18 is a victim because children cannot consent to commercial sex acts or forced labor.

what are some exmaple of fraud used for human trafficking

Victim may answer advertisement to be a nanny or model; make a lot of money and travel; etc.

depending on the age who does or dosnet need to prove fraud, force or cohersion for human tarfficking

Under Federal law:

• A victim 16 years or less does not have to prove force, fraud, or coercion

• A victim 17 or 18 does not have to prove force, fraud, or coercion if the trafficker is a person with authority over the victim. This trafficker may be a parent, relative, teacher, minister, employer, etc.

Why is human trafficking data unreliable

the true magnitude of this hidden crime is largely unconfirmed as human trafficking data is often difficult to collect. The majority of existing data focuses primarily on identified victims, highlighting only a fraction of the problem. Because many survivors do not report their exploitation due to the traumatic and threatening nature of the crime, data will never fully reflect the gravity of human trafficking cases in any country, state, or city

what are some risk fcators for human trafficking

• Poverty

• Recent immigration from foreign country

• Hunger, malnourishment

• Limited proficiency in English

• Lack of personal safety

• Learning disabilities/ Developmental delay

• Homelessness

• Isolation, emotional distress

• Family dysfunction

• Substance abuse

• Mental illness

• Childhood sexual abuse

• Lack of social support

• Foster care

What are some red flags for human trafficking

You has a provider should be suspicious of labor trafficking when you meet a patient who exhibits one or all of the following:

• Inappropriate clothing for the weather

• Injuries not adequately explained by history

• Being employed during the day without a school work permit

• Living with employer or having employer listed as the child’s caregiver

• Failing school performance attributed to long working hours

• Inability to produce personal identification/papers

• No insurance information

• Inexplicable fear of authorities/police/uniforms.

what are some red flags specificlay for sex trafficking

• Changes in their school attendance habits, appearance, socio-economics, friend groups, interests, school activities, vocabulary, demeanor, attitude and sexual behavior

• Luxury items like manicures, designer clothing, purses, etc. without an explainable source of income

• Truancy

• Getting into trouble in the company of older teens or adults

• Sexually provocative clothing

• Tattoos or branding

• Refillable gift cards

• Multiple phone or social media accounts

• Lying about the existence of those accounts or refusing parent access to those accounts

• Sexually provocative pictures on the phone or online accounts

• Unexplained injuries: bruising, swelling, redness, cigarette burns

• Third-party control of schedule and social interaction

• Isolation from community, family or friends

what is domestic minor sex traffickin(DMST) and wat children cna be exploited

as the commercial sexual abuse of children through buying, selling, or trading their sexual service.

• DMST can involve engaging a U.S. citizen or legal resident younger than 18 years in prostitution, pornography, stripping, escort services, or other sexual services.

• Experiencing child maltreatment, especially child sexual abuse, is strongly associated with becoming a victim of DMST.

what is the gorilla tactic in human trafficking

Uses force to overpower prey w/ violence, kidnapping and blackmail

• targets teens anywhere lacking supervision

what is the Romeo tactic in human trafficking

Uses charm, gifts and flattery yo romance prey

• tragets girls looking for love or accpetence( naive young girl , boys or runaways)

what is the CEO tactic in human trafficking

Uses money and buisness stratgies to swindle prey

• targets aspiring models or entertainers

What is grooming and how does it work

a sequence of actions used by perpetrators to manipulate victims, particularly in the context of human trafficking and sexual exploitation.

1. Target the Victim

2. Gain trust & information

3. Fill a need

4. Isolate

5. Abuse begins

6. Maintain control through fear, blackmail, etc.

what to watch for on socal media for possible human traffickers

Warn Patient/families…

• Perpetrators Troll the popular social media sites among young people

• Pretend to be the same age

• Pretend to come from the same or similar social group/school

• Coax them into sexting…then use that for blackmail

What to watch for…

• Significant/unexpected Changes in communication patterns, physical appearance

• Has new “friend” - especially if they are older

• blocks access to phone, computer

• Sudden Appearance of a second phone, multiple social media accounts

what rae some safe social media habits to teach kids

1. Discuss how to protect their online presence

2. Start with Disabling geotagging and/or geolocators

3. Teach how to set all social media platforms to private

4. Emphasize the importance of using generic photos instead of personal photos and not sharing private details about their lives

What are some reason victums stay if their being trafficked

• Dependency for basic needs: shelter, food, clothing, money, drugs, acceptance, protection

• Isolation from family and friends

• Coercion and threats

• False promises of better future

• Some children don’t know they are a victim; what is happening to them has been normalized

  • Often children feel like their situation is their fault because of poor choices

  • Generational abuse and trafficking

  • Children have great emotional need to belong to a family or group; trafficker may represent social, ethnic, and racial identification”

what are the first 2 cause sof death for victums of human trafficking

1. Murder

2. HIV

what are some helath impacts from human trafficking

• Chronic medical problems

• Mental health

• Substance abuse

• Reproductive/sexual health

• Poor Dental/oral health

• Quality of life

• Trauma

• Lack of recommended immunizations and well childcare standards

what is a victum centerd apporach

the precise focus of attention, catering to the needs of the victim to ensure delivery of care in a compassionate, culturally sensitive, linguistically appropriate, non-judgmental, and caring manner. A victim's wishes, safety, and well-being are considerations.

• The heart of a victim-centered approach ensures a victim does not suffer re-victimization or re-traumatization. Trauma, as it relates to an individual from an initial insult, is a series of events or stressors that the individual experiences as either emotionally or physically life-threatening and has lasting ramifications on social, physical, mental, and spiritual well-being.

How might a victum of human trafficking respone to a heath care provider

Need to feel in control

Need to maximize chance of survival

Emotional desire to reduce loneliness

Strong social desire to engage another person

Victim may try to elicit any response from the provider, even negative

what do you do if you suspect someone is a victum of human trafficking

tell him/her…

• You have rights

• You are not alone and are not to blame

• You are entitled to services and help

Make Referrals

• Connect your patient with the social worker or Victim Advocate

• Connect your patient directly with an appropriate service provider

what is child maltreatment

An act or failure to act by a caregiver which results in:

• Serious physical injury or death

• Serious emotional harm

• Sexual abuse or exploitation

• Imminent risk of serious harm

who is normally th perpetrators of child maltreatment

• The majority (77.5%) of perpetrators are a parent of their victim,

• 6.4 percent of perpetrators are a relative other than a parent, and 4.2 percent had a multiple relationship to their victims.

• Approximately 4.0 percent (3.7%) of perpetrators have an “other” relationship to their victims

what is triaging abuse

the specific process health care providers use to evaluate and assess a situation when child abuse is suspected or alleged, focusing heavily on gathering and documenting the history and physical findings to determine the severity and necessity of immediate action

what physical findings suggest child abuse

• ANY injury to a young, pre-ambulatory infant, including bruises, mouth injuries, fractures, and intracranial or abdominal injury;

• Injuries to multiple organ systems;

• Multiple injuries in different stages of healing;

• Patterned injuries;

• Injuries to non bony or other unusual locations, such as over the torso, ears, face, neck, or upper arms;

• Significant injuries that are unexplained; and

• Additional evidence of child neglect.

what does” Ten 4” for nat mean

a clinical decision rule used by health care providers when assessing children for Non-Accidental Trauma (NAT), which refers to injuries suspicious for child physical abuse.

The TEN-4 rule helps determine whether bruising is likely abusive or non-abusive. The acronym stands for injuries to specific body regions and age groups:

• T: Bruising to the Torso (chest, abdomen, back).

• E: Bruising to the Ears.

• N: Bruising to the Neck.

• 4: Applies to children up to age 4 years old.

Any bruise found in the TEN areas (Torso, Ears, or Neck) on a child up to age 4 years, or on ANY infant under 4 months of age, indicates a potential risk for abuse that requires additional evaluation

what is medical neglet

A parent’s failure to provide adequate medical or dental care for their child, especially when it is needed to treat a serious physical injury or illness.

Several factors are considered necessary for the diagnosis of medical neglect3:

• a child is harmed or is at risk of harm because of lack of health care;

• the recommended health care offers significant net benefit to the child;

• the anticipated benefit of the treatment is significantly greater than its morbidity, so that reasonable caregivers would choose treatment over nontreatment;

• it can be demonstrated that access to health care is available and not used; and

• the caregiver understands the medical advice given.

what is Munchausen Syndrome by proxy

When a caregiver makes up or causes illness in a child (or dependent person) to get attention or sympathy for themselves.

• should be considered whenever a child has an unusual presentation.

• It is typically suspected when a child does not respond to normal therapy or exhibits persistent symptoms despite a negative workup.

When evaluating a child for MSbP, clinicians may assess three key questions:

1. Are the history and signs/symptoms of the disease credible and consistent?

2. Is the child receiving unnecessary harmful or potentially harmful treatment or medical care?

3. If so, who is instigating the evaluation and treatment?