Biology 1 Rat Practical Review - Labeled with Functions

Right atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from body via vena cavae.

Right ventricle

Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs via pulmonary arteries.

Left atrium

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs via pulmonary veins

Left ventricle

Pumps oxygenated blood to whole body via aorta, has more muscle

Vena cavae

Bring deoxygenated blood to right atrium.

Pulmonary arteries

Carry deoxygenated blood to lungs.

Pulmonary veins

Return oxygenated blood to left atrium.

Aorta

Distributes oxygenated blood to body.

Atrioventricular valves

Tricuspid (right) and bicuspid/mitral (left).

Semilunar valves

Pulmonary and aortic.

Thickest myocardium

Left ventricle, due to pumping blood to body.

Trachea

Cartilage rings prevent collapse.

Lungs

Gas exchange occurs in alveoli.

Brain

Monitors CO2 levels to regulate breathing.

Diaphragm

Contracts:Increases chest volume, inhaling air. Relaxes:Decreases chest volume, exhaling air.

Liver

Metabolism, detoxification, bile production. Secretes bile, digests fats. Filters toxins/drugs and stores excess glucose in the form of glycogen

Stomach

Valves:Cardiac (esophagus) and duodenum. Secretion:Gastric juice, aids digestion. Lined with bile

Esophagus

Muscle contractions Peristalsis, Substance:Bolus.

Duodenum

Function:Receives bile and pancreatic enzymes, Begins small intestine.

Kidney

Filtration of blood, waste removal, fluid balance. Functional unit: Nephron. Tubes: Ureters carry waste to bladder.

Bladder

Stores urine, works with the kidneys get rid of waste from the blood.

Spleen

Filters blood, stores white blood cells and where white and red cells die

Thymus

Produces T cells for immune system.

Pancreas

Digestive secretion enzymes for nutrient breakdown. Endocrine secretion; insulin and glucagon.

Adrenal gland

Produces adrenaline.

Vas deferens

Transports sperm.

Seminal vesicles

Secretes seminal fluid.

Testes

Produces sperm; located in scrotum. Goes through meiosis for haploid sperm

Uterus

Tube:Fallopian tubes transport egg.

Lens

Focuses light.

Cornea

Protects.

Sclera

Supports shape of the eye

Cerebrum

Learning, sensory. Tissue: Meninges.

Cerebellum

Coordination. graceful smooth muscle movements

Ovaries

Meiosis produced to create haploid eggs into the fallopian tube or ovaduct

Medulla

Vital functions regulation.

Large Intestine

Absorb water

Bacteria

Mutualistic relationship on large intestines

1

Liver - produces bile

2

Stomach - large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food

3

Pancreas - Regulates the level of sugar in the blood

5

Small Intestine -Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place

4

Duodenum - further digests food coming from the stomach, absorbs nutrients

6

Large intestines

7

Bladder - Stores urine

Spleen

Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells

1

Trachea - carries air in and out of your lungs

2

Heart - A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

3

4

Diaphragm - Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

1

Liver

2

Stomach

3

Pancreas

4

Spleen

5

Intestines

1

Stomach

2

Kidney

3

Ovary

4

Oviduct

5

Uterus

6

Rectum

7

Urinary bladder

1

Coagulating gland - accessory sex gland that help with semen coagulation and sperm motility.

2

Urinary bladder - stores urine and allows urination to be infrequent and controlled.

3

Vas deferens - Two of these ducts, carries ejaculatory sperm out of the epididymis.

4

Epidermis - transports and stores sperm cells that are produced in the testes. also brings sperm to maturity.

5

Small intestines - Digests and absorbs nutrients and minerals from food.

6

Vesicular Gland - Produce a majority of the fluid that makes up semen

9

Testes - Secretes thyroid hormones

1

Frontal Lobe - Motor functions, memory, impulse control, planning

2

Corpus Callosum - allows info to transmit to one side of the brain to the other

3

Cerebellum - Thought, memory, speech, largest part of the brain

4

Spinal Cord - Sends sensory info to the brain

5

Medulla - Relays signals, controls breathing, swallowing chewing vomiting etc

6

Pons - Relays signals between the cerebrum and cerebellum

A

Left atrium - Chamber that collects blood from lungs

B

Aortic valve - controls blood flow into your aorta and keeps blood moving in one direction

C

Riscuspid Valve - control the flow of blood from your heart's top chamber (right atrium) to the bottom chamber (right ventricle)

F

Left ventricle - Pump in the heart that sends blood throughout the whole body.

G

Septum - helps keep oxygen-rich blood from the lungs from mixing with oxygen-poor blood from the body, prevents blood from flowing back into the heart chambers after pumping it out.

H

Tricuspid - control the flow of blood from your heart's top chamber (right atrium) to the bottom chamber (right ventricle).

II

RIght ventricle - Pump in the heart that sends blood out to the lungs.

J

Right atrium - Chamber that collects blood coming back from the body

1

Cornea - Light first passes through and focuses to light. Light enters watery chaimber fluid called the aqueous humor second

2

Sclera - “whites of eyes”, continuation of the cornea

5

Pupil - Third, hole that light passes through, size is controlled by the iris

7

Ciliary Body

4

Iris - Ring of muscles, controls the size of the pupil

B

Pupil

3

Optic nerve - Transmits impulse to the brain

2

Sclera

12

Vitreous Humor - Thick jelly-like substance to maintain the shape of the chamber

11

Lens - Fouth; Completes focusing on the light ray

10

Retina - Nerve tissue at the back of thee eyeball that converts light energy into an electrical impulse. Made up of 2 cells; Rods & Nodes that detect shape, movement, and color

8

Choroid Coat/TL

Tapeum Lucidum

Iridescent layer, blue green iridescent sheen on the choroid which reflects light and causes the eyes to shine at night when illuminated. Animals have this but humans do not.