this course will bug you exam 2

List 3 insect tagma

Head, Thorax, Abdomen

What is the function of the head

Houses the brain, Has a mouthpart for eating

What is the external structures of the head?

Has sclerites and Has major sense organs: Eyes, Antennae

What is the function of the thorax

The thorax is responsible for locomotion and houses the legs and wings of insects.

What is the structure of the thorax

The thorax is divided into three segments: the prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax, each supporting a pair of legs and, in most insects, the wings.

What is the function of the abdomen

Houses the digestive and reproductive tracts

What is the structure of the abdomen

1. Spiracles 2. Ovipositor 3. Cerci 4. Sometimes legs

What do compound eyes do

Detect form and movement

What do simple eyes do

Detect light intensity and shadow

What are the 4 basic mouthparts found in in sects

1. Sucking +Piercing 2. Sponging 3. Chewing 4. Siphoning

In what ways do antennae function as sense organs?

They are used for taste, touch, smell, and hearing

What are the 3 regions of the thorax and what ap pendages are connected to them?

1. Pro-thorax-> Head+ 1st pair of walking legs 2. Meso-thorax-> Forewings+ 2nd pair of walking legs 3. Meta-thorax-> Abdomen+ 3rd pair of walking legs

What are the 6 main re gions of an insects leg

Coxa 2. Femur 3. Trochanter 4. Tibia 5. Tarsus 6. Claws

Homologous structures

A common organ or bone that appears in different animals that show they had a common ancestor. Ex. Radius bone in humans, cats, and bats

Analogous structure

Similar structures that evolved independently in two living organisms to serve the same purpose Ex. Bird wings and insect wings

How are wing colors and patterns produced? What is the function of the wing color

Scaffolding and the function of the color is for camoulage

What is an ovipositor and what is its function?

It is a reproductive organ that is used for releasing matured eggs from an female insect

What is an aedeagus and what is its function

It is a reproductive organ that is used to secrete sperm from the male insect into the female

Give 3 examples of spe cialized abdominal ap pendages that's not used for reproduction

1. Tympanum- used as an ear on grasshoppers 2. Sting- Bees use them 3. Gills- some nymph forms of species use them to breath underwater

What are the levels of or ganization

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

What is the basic unit of structure and function of all organisms

Cells

What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism

Catabolism breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules. Anabolism builds up smaller molecules and turns them into bigger molecules

Example of Catabolism

Digestive + Respiratory

Example of Anabolism

Photosynthesis + Chemosynthesis

Define Symbiosis

Close relationship between organisms

Parasitism

One organism benefits, usually to the detriment of the other

Commensalism

One organism benefits, the other doesn't receive harm or benefits

Obligatory mutualism

neither organism can survive without the other

non-obligatory mutualism

. Both organisms benefit, but it isn't necessary for their survival.

Examples of symbiotic relationships

Obligatory mutualism: termites and protozoans- the termites cannot digest wood without them and the protozoans need them to provide food.

What is the function of in ternal cellular respiration and how does it differ from breathing?

The function of internal cellular respiration is creating ATP and it differs from breathing because the respiration functions within the cells

Equation of photosynthe sis

6H2O + 6CO2 + light --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

What are the reactants and products of photosynthe sis?

Reactants: Carbon Dioxide and water Products: Glucose and oxygen

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

What organisms are capa ble of carrying on photo synthesis

Photoautotrophs

Elements. Monomers, Polymers, and Basic Func tions of: Lipids

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen. Monomers: Glycerol+Fatty Acids Polymers: Triglycerides Basic Functions: Transporting nutrients, Regula tion+Signaling to the body

Proteins

Elements: C, H, O, Nitrogen Monomers: Amino acids Polymers: Polypeptides+ Protiens Basic Function: Growth, Acts as a messenger between cells, tissues, and organs

What type of molecules are enzymes

Proteins

What are the characteristics of enzymes

They act as catalysts for chemical reactions

General Equation of Cellu lar Respiration

C6H12O6+ 6O2= 6CO2+6H2O+energy

What are enzyme cofactors?

Vitamins and or minerals

What factors affect their efficiency?

Temperature and pH concentration

purpose of cellular respiration

to produce usable ATP energy

What is the function of the circulatory system in in sects(Is it the same as hu mans)

No it is not the same as humans because Insects have an open circulatory system and humans have a closed circulatory system

products of cellular respiration

carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

reactants of cellular respiration

oxygen and glucose

Nucleic Acids

Elements: C, H, O, N, Phosphorus Monomers: Nucleotides Polymers: DNA + RNA Basic Functions: Copy + Contain information

What is the function of the insect digestive system?

To extract nutrients

Compare the composition of human blood with that of insect hemolymph

Insect hemolymph contains

Elements, Monomers, Polymers, and Basic func tion of: Carbohydrates

Elements: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Monomers: Monosaccharides, Polymers: Polysaccharides Basic Function: provides and stores energy

The function of the human lymphatic system

Responsible for the removal of interstitial fluid (or tis sue fluid) from tissues. Absorbs and transports fatty acids and fats as chyle from the digestive system. Cre ates white blood cells called lymphocytes, which act as defenders against pathogens.

What is the purpose of lymph nodes

Moniter lymph and produce antibodies

What is the purpose of the spleen

filters blood