Intro to anatomy - tissue

Blood supply of epidermis

avascular

What is found in dermis

hairs, blood vessels, nerves, glands

Function of dermis

protection, temperature regulation, sensation

What is found in superficial facia?

fat cells, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics

Where is deep facia not found?

thorax, abdomen

would restrict movement

TYpe of movement by skeletal muscles

voluntary

Type of movement by cardiac muscles

involuntary

Type of movement by smooth muscle

involuntary

Tendon

Connect muscle and bone

Ligaments

Connect bones

Types of cartilage

* Hyaline
* Fibrocartilage
* Elastic

How is hyaline cartilage formed?

In embryos, muscles turn into bone

The leftover forms hyaline cartilage

What type of cartilage forms growth plates?

hyaline

Where is fibrocartilage found?

knee joint

where jaw meets skull

Types of bone

* Compact/cortical
* Cancellous/trabecular

Intramembraneous ossification

* Mineralisation of membrane
* eg - flat bones of skull

Endochondral ossification

* Mineralisation of cartilage
* How growth plates disappear

Types of joints

* Fibrous
* Primary cartilaginous
* Secondary cartilaginous

What forms fibrous joints

fibrous tissue

What forms primary cartilaginous joints?

Pure hyaline cartilage

What forms secondary cartilaginous joints?

cartilage and fibrocartilage

What is articular cartilage?

Smooth joint which works with the synovial fluid to ensure a smooth joint with less friction

Function of the synovial membrane

Produces synovial fluid

Bursae

fluid filled sack which helps structures pass around joints

Appearance of the following

* Arteries
* Veins
* Nerves

Arteries

* Pale, round

Veins

* Dark, floppy

Nerves

* Pale, flat

Function of arteries

carry blood away from heart (mostly oxygenated blood)

Function of veins

* Carry blood into heart (mostly deoxygenated)

Function of lymphatic system

* Fluid balance
* Bring fluid back from tissues
* Lipid absorption
* Defence
* White blood cells float around in the lymphatic system

Atypical synovial joint contains

* Same as normal joint

AND

* Bursae
* Menisci/disc

periosteum

\n where tendons and ligaments actually attach; bits of collagen can intertwine with each other \n connective tissue sheet on outside of bone

medullary cavity

space in-between bone to reduce weight

How does bone balance forces

remodels along lines of stress

slipped disc

gap in annulus fibrosus, it tears so the nucleus pulposus protrudes out (more likely posteriorly) so against spinal cord \n OR \n irritate some of spinal nerves next to it (compresses nerve) \n can cause back pain

Properties of muscle which will produce a strong force of contraction

* Many muscles converging at one point
* Not neccesarily long

epiphyseal lines

where growth plates would have been

what is found at the epiphysis

joint