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Particle size (from biggest, coarsest to finest)
Boulder, cobble, pebble, sand, silt, clay
Composition of sediment is governed by?
Rates of Chemical, mechanical weathering, and erosion.
Sediment
loose unconsolidated particles of mineral that orginate from weathering/erosion and precipitation
Most silt are?
Quartz
What are the 3 types of Sedimentary rocks?
Detrital, Chemical, Organic
What happens during transportation of sediment?
Rounding and Sorting
Rounding
grinding away sharp edges and corners during transporation
Sorting
sediment grains selected and separated according to grain size.
Lithification
process that convert loose sediments into sediment rocks
Detrital sedimentary rocks form mostly by?
Compaction and cementation of grains
What are the 3 different types of Lithification?
compaction, cementation, cyrstallization
compaction
packs loose sediment together (open pore space filled)
Cementation
precipitation of cement around grains binds them into rock
crystallization
Crystal hold them together
Detrital sedimentary rocks
formed form cemented sediment grain. weathered and eroded remains
What is the most common sedimentary rock type?
Detrital
Types of detrital rocks
Breccia, Conglomerate, sandstone
Sedimentary Breccia
coarse-grained sedimentary rock formed by cementation of coarse angular fragments of rubble
Conglomerate
coarse-grained formed by cementation of rounded gravel that transported only a short distance
Sandstone
cementation of sand grains.
Matrix
finer materials that larger particles are embedded in.
What mineral tend to concentrate in sandstone? Why?
Quartz because it is more resistant to chemical weathering than feldspar
How did Sandstone form?
Formed from sand deposited by rivers, wind, waves, or turbidity currents
How did Shale form?
Formed from river, lake, or ocean mud
Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed by?
precipitated from low-temp by organisms or inorganic.
What are the types of chemical sedimentary rocks?
carbonate Rocks, Chert, and Evaporites
What are the two main types of carbonate rocks?
Limestone and Dolomite
Limestone
composed of calcite formed either as a chemical precipitate in a reef, or by cementation of shell and coral fragments or of ooids
Dolomite
usually forms from the alteration of limestone by magnesium-rich solutions
Chert
consists of mainly silica and usually forms from accumulation of microscopic organisms
Evaporites
forms as water evaporates (rock salt, gypsum)
Original beds are deposited in —layers
horizontal
Sedimentary structures
features found within sedimentary rocks
Cross beds
in sandstone, thinner inclined beds formed by flowing air and water
Ripple marks
formed by waves
Mud cracks
form in drying mud
Formation
body of rock of considerable thickness large enough to be mapped and with characteristics that distinguish it from adjacent rocks
transgression
sea level rises. Limestone, Shale, Sandstone
Regression
sea. level drops. Sandstone, Shale, Limestone
Note 
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