Chapter 6: The Cardiovascular and Circulatory Systems

Cardiac (KAR-dee-ak)

pertaining to the heart

-ac

Suffix: pertaining to

cardi-

root: heart

cardiologist (kar-dee-OL-oh-jist)

A medical specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of the heart (cardiology)

cardiology (kar-dee-OL-oh-jee)

medical specialty of diseases of the heart

-logist

suffix: one who studies, specialist

-logy

suffix: study of

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

the attempt to restore cardiac and pulmonary function

-ary

suffix: pertaining to

-pulmon-

root: lung

-ation

suffix: a process

resuscit-

root: revive from apparent death

cardiovascular (KAR-dee-oh-VAS-kyu-lar)

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

-ar

suffix: pertaining to

-vascul-

root: blood vessel

diaphoresis (DIE-ah-foh-REE-sis); noun

sweat, perspiration, or sweaty

diaphoretic (DIE-ah-foh-RET-ic); adjective

pertaining to sweat or perspiration

-esis

suffix: condition

diaphor-

root: sweat

-etic

suffix: pertaining to

electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) (ee-lek-troh-KAR-dee-oh-gram)

Record of the electrical signals of the heart

electrocardiograph (ee-lek-troh-KAR-dee-oh-graf)

Machine that produces the electrocardiogram

electrocardiography (ee-LEK-troh-kar-dee-OG-rah-fee)

The method of recording and the interpretation of electrocardiograms

-gram

suffix: a record

elect/o-

R/CF: electricity

-graph

suffix: to graph

-graphy

suffix: process of recording

electrode (ee-LEK-trode)

A device for conducting electricity

-ode

suffix: way, road

mediastinum (ME-dee-ass-TIE-num)

area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea

-um

suffix: structure

media-

prefix: middle

-stin-

root: partition

perfusion (per-FYU-zhun)

the act of forcing blood to flow through a lumen or a vascular bed

-ion

suffix: action, condition

perfus-

root: to pour

phlebotomist (fleh-BOT-oh-mist)

person skilled intaking blood from veins

phlebotomy (fleh-BOT-oh-me)

withdrawing blood from a vein through a needle or catheter

-ist

suffix: specialist

phleb/o-

R/CF: vein

-tom-

Root: incise, cut

-tomy

suffix: surgical incision

sternum (STIR-num)

long, flat bone forming the center of the anterior wall of the chest

thoracic cavity (THOR-ass-ik KAV-ih-tee)

Space within the chest containing the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, aorta, venae cavae, and pulmonary vessels

-ic

suffix: pertaining to

thorac-

root: chest

aorta (a-OR-tuh)

Main trunk of the systemic arterial system

aortic (a-OR-tik); Adjective

pertaining to the aorta

aort-

root: aorta

coronary circulation (KOR-oh-nair-ee SER-kyu-LAY-shun)

Blood vessels supplying the heart muscle

coron-

root: crown, coronary

circulat-

root: circular route

endocardium (EN-doh-KAR-dee-um)

The inside lining of the heart

endocardial (EN-doh-KAR-dee-al); adjective

pertaining to the endocardium

endo-

prefix: inside

-al

suffix: pertaining to

epicardium (EP-ih-KAR-dee-um)

the outer layer of the heart wall

epicardial (EP-ih-KAR-dee-al); adjective

pertaining to the epicardium

epi-

prefix: upon, above

infarct (in-FARKT)

area of cell death resulting from an infarction

infarction (in-FARKT-shun)

sudden blockage of an artery

in-

prefix: in

-farct-

root: area of dead tissue

ischemia (is-KEY-me-ah)

lack of blood supply to a tissue

ischemic (is-KEY-mik); adjective

pertaining to or affected by necrosis (death)

-emia

suffix: a blood condition

isch-

root: to keep back

-emic

suffix: a condition of the blood

myocardium (MY-oh-KAR-dee-um)

muscular layer of the heart

myocardial (MY-oh-KAR-dee-al); adjective

pertaining to heart muscle

my/o-

R/CF: muscle

necrosis (neh-KROH-sis)

pathologic death of cells or tissue

necrotic (neh-KROT-ik); adjective

pertaining to or affected by necrosis (death)

-osis

suffix: condition

necr-

root: death

-tic

suffix: pertaining to

pericardium (per-ih-KAR-dee-um); noun

a double layer of membranes surrounding the heart

pericardial (per-ih-KAR-dee-al); adjective

pertaining to the pericardium

peri-

prefix: around

pulmonary (PULL-moh-NAR-ee)

pertaining to the lungs and their blood supply

atrium (A-tree-um)

Chamber where blood enters the heart on both the right and left sides

atria (A-tree-ah); plural

Chamber where blood enters the heart on both the right and left sides

atrial (A-tree-al); adjective

pertaining to the atrium

atri-

root: entrance, atrium

bicuspid (by-KUSS-pid)

having two points; a bicuspid heart valve has two flaps

-id

suffix: having a particular quality

bi-

prefix: two

-cusp-

root: point

interatrial (IN-ter-AY-tree-al)

between the atria of the heart

inter-

prefix: between

interventricular (IV) (IN-ter-ven-TRIK-you-lar)

between the ventricles of the heart

-ventricul-

root: ventricle

mitral (MY-tral)

shaped like the headdress of a Catholic bishop

septum (SEP-tum)

a thin wall dividing two cavities

septa (SEP-tah); Plural

a thin wall dividing two cavities

tricuspid (try-KUSS-pid)

having three points; a tricuspid heart valve has three flaps

tri-

prefix: three

ventricle (VEN-trih-kel)

Chamber of the heart (pumps blood) or a cavity in the brain (produces cerebrospinal fluid)

arrhythmia (a-RITH-me-ah)

condition when the heart rhythm is abnormal

a-

prefix: without