I&I Drugs: Anthelmintics, Antifungals, Antiportazoals

What Benzimidazole treats nematodes in the GI and Lungs, Metabolite, has to be given to ruminants in lower doses and less frequently, and has a reduced oral bioavailability in horses, pigs, dogs, and cats. Adverse effects are tolerated very well by all domestic animals.

Fenbendazole

What benzimidazole treats nematodes GI and Lungs, Prodrug, has to be given to ruminants in lower doses and less frequently, and has a reduced oral bioavailability in horses, pigs, dogs, and cats. Adverse effects are tolerated very well by all domestic animals.

Febantel

What benzimidazole treats nematodes in the GI and Lungs, Metabolite has to be given to ruminants in lower doses and less frequently and has a reduced oral bioavailability in horses, pigs, dogs, and cats. Adverse effects are teratogenic in increased doses, sheep are more sensitive, during early pregnancy.

Albendazole

What Imidazothiazole treats nematodes in the GI and lungs, and modulates and restores the immune system. Reasonable oral bioavailability in dogs, high SQ bioavailability, large Vd. Adverse effects are salivation, Muscle tremors, Ataxia, Urination/defecation, and collapse, cattle are more tolerant, and Horses are more susceptible.

Levamisole

What tetrahydropyrimidines are used to treat nematodes in sheep, cattle, swine, horses, dogs, and cats. It treats Ascarids, Hookworms, and Stomach Worms in dogs and cats specifically. In ruminants, it treats immature and mature stages of GI nematodes. No adverse effects.

Pyrantel

What tetrahydropyrimidines are used to treat nematodes in sheep, cattle, swine, horses, dogs, and cats. It treats Ascarids, Hookworms, and Stomach Worms in dogs and cats specifically. In ruminants, it treats immature and mature stages of GI nematodes. More effective than Pyrantel with no adverse effects.

Moranetel

What monepantel drug treats nematodes, is broad spectrum acativity against ruminants nematodes including mature and immature stages. Effective against nematodes that are resistant to benzimidazoles. Have a large Vd and reasonable oral bioavaibability. No adverse effects.

Levamisole

What monepantel drug treats nematodes, is broad spectrum acativity against ruminants nematodes including mature and immature stages. Effective against nematodes that are resistant to benzimidazoles. Have a large Vd and reasonable oral bioavaibability. No adverse effects even at higher doeses?

Macrocyclic Lactones

What monepantel drug treats nematodes, is broad spectrum acativity against ruminants nematodes including mature and immature stages. Effective against nematodes that are resistant to benzimidazoles. Have a large Vd and reasonable oral bioavaibability, also rapidly metabolizes into active metabolite. No adverse effects.

Closantel

What Emodepside drug is used orally in dogs and topically in cats to treat nematodes. Dogs and cats combined with praziquantel it treats neamtodes and cestodes. In dogs in combination with toltrazuril it treats nematodes and coccidia. It has good oral bioavailability and good absorption in cats. The adverse effects are salivation and vomiting, in MDR-mutated dogs: ataxia, salivation, tremor, panting, agitation.

Emodepside

What anthelminitc drug treats tapeowem in dogs, cats, ruminant, and horses; not approved for cattle. Has good oral bioavailability and rapid-first pass effects. Adverse effects are high therapeutic index.

Praziquantel

What anthelminitc treats common tapeworms in dogs and cats, specifcally dipylidium and taenia. Has poor bioavailability so eliminated with feces. Adverse effects are can lead to emesis after longterm treatment.

Epsiprantel

What anthelmitic drug treats the adult stages of F.hepatica and F. gigantica; not effective agianst immature flukes < 7weeks. Effective against abomasal nematodes including hookworms and Parafularia bovicola. Is reduced by rumen flora, rapid absorption SQ, and is highly plasma protein bound. Not approved for dairy cattle. Adverse effects are Hyperthermia and hyperpnoea at higher doses.

Nitroxynil

What anthelmitic drug treats adulte and immature trematodes aged 6-10 weeks, not effective against paramphistome flukes. Effective against nemtatodes, bloodsucking lice, ticks, mites, and grubs. Includeing nasal bots in sheep. Well absorbed after enteral and parenteral admin. Eliminated by bile. Adverse effects are anorexia, laboured breathing, weakness and decreased vision.

Closantel

What anthelmintic drug treats adult trematodes and tapeworms in sheep and cattle. Metabolized in the liver. Adverse effects are CNS and GI adverse effects.

Oxyclozanide

What anthelmintic drug is effective against matture and immature trematodes >8 weeks, available combined with ivermectin. Good oral bioavailability and prolonged absorption, less effective in sheep and goats: cattle < sheep < goats. Adverse effects are its a safe drug with a high therapeutic index.

Clorsulon

What anthelmintic drug treats all stages of liver trematodes? Lipophilic compound that can diffuse through the tegument. Adverse effects are it’s a safe drug with a high therapeutic index.

Tribendazole

What anthelmintic drug is a macrocyclic lactone that has a broad spectrum against mature and immature stages of nematodes, and ectoparasites. Used in heartworm preventatives. Has a limited distribution in milk, eliminated with bile and feces. Adverse effects of MDR-1 deficiency lead to depression, ataxia, tremors, salivation, mydriasis, coma, and death.

Eprinomectin

What anthelmintic drug. isa macrocyclic lactone that has. a broad spectrum against nematodes, ectoparasistes and used as a preventative for heartworm disease. Extensively distributed after administration. Licking behavior can lead to oral absorption of macrocyclic lactones ather topical administration. Adverse effects they are safe in normal animals but in animals with. aMDR-1 deficiency leads to depression, ataxia, tremors, salivation, mydriasis, coma and death.

Moxidectin

What anthelmintic drug is a macrocyclic lactone that has a broad spectrum against mature and immature stages of nematodes, and ectoparasites. Used in heartworm preventatives. Adverse effects are safe in normal animals but animals with an MDR-1 deficiency lead to depression, ataxia, tremors, salivation, mydriasis, coma, and death.

Ivermectin

What antiprotozoal drug is a nitromidazole that treats amoeba and flagellates that have a large VD good passage across membranes and good bioavailability. The adverse effects are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic, neurotoxicity, and not used in livestock.

Metronidazole

What antiprotozoal drug is a nitrofurans that treats amoebas and flagellates that has a large VD good passage across membranes and good bioavailability. The adverse effects are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic, neurotoxicity, and not used in livestock.

Nifurimax

What antiprotozoal drug treats amoebas and flagellates is an aminoglycoside with a small Vd and is excreted via the kidneys. The adverse effects are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps.

Paramomycin

What antiprotozoal drugs treat amoeba and flagellates is benzimidazole which has good oral bioavailability but needs to be given to ruminants in lower doses less frequently. The adverse effects are myelosuppression and teratogenic effects.

Albendazole

What antiprotozoal drugs treat amoeba and flagellates is benzimidazole which has good oral bioavailability but needs to be given to ruminants in lower doses less frequently. Adverse effects are that it’s a safe drug.

Fenbendazole

What an antiprotozoal drug treats amoeba and flagellates is a tetracycline which has a large Vd good passage across membranes and wide distribution. Adverse effects are vomiting Imbalance. of intestinal flora, and acute cardiac toxicity in calves.

Doxycycline

What antiprotozoal drug treats amoeba and flagellates is a lincosamide which has a large Vd, good passage across membranes, and wide distribution. Adverse effects are anorexia, vomiting,and diarrhea.

Clindamycin

What antiprotozoal drug treat cocci which has a large Vd distributes to eggs, has a good passage across membranes and wide distribution. The adverse effects are cardiotoxicity in horses and guinea fowl, skeletal muscle toxicity in other animals species.

Polyether ionophores

What are the two drugs in the polyether ionophores category?

Monensin and Salinomycin

What antiprotozoal drug treats cocci is poorly absorbed after oral administration, improved with a meal. Adverse effects are it has a wide margin of safety and no adverse effects reported.

Quinolones: paravaquone and Bupavaquone

What antiprotozoal drug treats cocci has a small Vd and dissolves well in water. No advserse effects reported and has a wide safety margin.

Thiamine analogues: Amprolium

What antiprotozoal drug treats cocci in sheep, goats, dogs, cats, horse, and cattle. The drug has a wide distribution across the body and rapidly absorbed from the GIT. Adverse effects are Urinary tract disturbances, hematopoietic disorders, dermatologocal reaction, and Keratoconjunctivitis.

Sulphomamides

What antiprotozoal drug has a good oral bioavailability, large Vd, and individual differences, and considered safe with a wide margin of safety.

Triazine Derivatives

What antiprotozoal drug can be used in horses, has a very long withdrawal time due to its long elimination half-life, cannot be used in livestock and large Vd. Adverse effects are Liver damage, Kidney damage, Pulmonary congestion, edema, and Colic in horses.

Diamidine Derivative

What antiprotozoal drug treats tick bone diseases, can be used in horses, has a very long withdrawal time due to its long elimination half-life, and cannot be used in livestock and large Vd. Adverse effects are Liver damage, Kidney damage, Pulmonary congestion, edema, and Colic in horses.

Imidocarb Dipropionate

What ectoparasiticide drug treats adult fleas and different stages of a variety of ticks and biting lice? Not effective in preventing fleas from biting and feeding. Safe for dogs and cats older than 8 weeks- effective for at least 30 days. It has a large Vd and it distributes laterally over the body and into sebum, sebaceous gland, and hair follicles. Adverse effects are that it is a safe drug but higher concentrations lead to hyperactivity, hyperexcitability, and convulsions

Fipronil

What extoparasiticide drug effective against fleas, ticks, and mites- insecticidal and araricidal. It has an orabioavaibility that varies based on the product and a wide distribution over the body. The adverse effects are that its a safe drug but neurological effects observed are seizures, ataxia, and shaking.

Isoxazolines

What ectoparasiticide drug treats mites, lice, flies, and ticks in different species by inhibiting larval development? It diffuses through the skin. The adverse effects are that it has a wide margin of safety its dose-dependent CNS effects in extremely high hoses in animals with an MDR1 mutation.

Macrocyclic lactones

What ectoparasiticide drug is a topical treatment of fleas on dogs and cats that prevents them from biting, it treats the adult and larval stages. It is not absorbed through the skin. Adverse effects are that it’s a safe drug but has adverse effects associated with nicotinic effects.

Imidacloprid

What ectoparasiticide drug is an oral treatment for fleas in dogs and cats excellent against fipronil-resistant fleas. It has excellent oral bioavailability and distributes well to the skin. This drug is a safe drug but its adverse effects are associated with nicotinic effects and occasionally hepatic failure is observed.

Nitenpyram

What ectoparasiticide has different drugs in this group that have potency and frequency increase with generation? Different formulations are effective against fleas and ticks and the later generations are also effective against flies, mites, and lice. It has minimal systemic absorption after topical administration. It is a safe drug in most animals but do not use in lactating bitches and do not use in cats where they lead to nerve and muscle disorders.

Pyrethroids

What ectoparasiticide has an insect development inhibitor- larvicidal due to chitin synthesis inhibition? It has a reasonable OBB and is widely metabolized in the liver. It has no adverse effects it’s considered a safe drug.

Lufenuron

What ectoparasiticide drug are old fashioned drugs that have insecticidal and acaricidal. It is irreversible binding to AcHE. It does not penetrate the skin very well. The adverse effects are muscarinic and nicotinic adverse effects are observed, witht he antidotes being atropine and pralidoxime.

Organophosphates

What ectoparasiticide drug is an old-fashioned drug that has insecticidal and acaricidal is reversible binging to AchE. Does not penetrate the skin very well. The adverse effects of muscarinic and nicotinic adverse effects are observed, with the antidotes being atropine and pralidoxime.

Carbamates

What ectoparasiticide drug is used to treat tick and mite infections in different animals? The adverse effects are alpha-2 adrenergic effects in horses and cats (sedation).

Amitraz

What antifungal drug treats dermatophytosis in cats and dogs, including Microsporum canis infections and Malassezia dermatitis? Has a large Vd, good passage across membranes, and wide distribution. High concnetration in stratun cormeun, hair follicales and nailes. The adverse effects are it has mild effects on the liver inhibits cytochrome p450 and synergistic effects, and can cause facial dermatitis and pruritis in cats.

Terbinafine

What antifungal drug treats dermatophytosis and candida albicans infections in turkeys? All drugs are poorly absorbed after oral administration. It also has limited adverse effects.

Nystatin

What antifungal drug treats dermatophytosis and candida albicans infections in turkeys and is used in ocular solutions for keratomycosis? All drugs are poorly absorbed after oral administration. It also has limited adverse effects.

Natamycin

What antifungal drug treats severe systemic fungal infections, can be used for pulmonary aspergillosis using an aerosol. The adverse effects is that its nephrotoxic, phlebitis, fever, nausea, vomiting and cardiac arrhythmias in dogs.

Amphotericin B

What antifungal drug works against organisms causing dermatophytosis used in cats, dogs, small mammals, and horses? Oral bioavailability is enhanced with food. The drug is distributed to skin, hair, and nails only a fraction is available in other tissues and body fluids. The adverse effects include leukopenia, anemia, increased hepatic enzyme activity, and neurotoxicosis. Teratogenicity and do not give to horses with impaired liver function.

Griseofulvine

What antifungal drug is used topically for dermatophyte and filamentous fungi, nasal aspergillosis, and otitis externa, Have a generally good bioavailability, large Vd. The adverse effects are inhibition of CYP450 and PGP efflux pumps and GI disturbances.

Enilconazole and Clotrimazole

What antifungal drug is used topically for dermatophyte and filamentous fungi, nasal aspergillosis, and otitis externa, Has a bad oral bioavailability, large Vd. The adverse effects are inhibition of CYP450 and PGP efflux pumps and GI disturbances.

miconazole

What antifungal drug can be used locally and systemically to treat candida, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and Malassezia? Has a good oral bioavailability and large Vd but require a acidic pH. It has severe adverse effects of inhibition of CY450 and PgP efflux pumps and GI disturbances.an

Ketoconazole

What antifungal drug can be used locally and systemically to treat candida, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and Malassezia? Has a good oral bioavailability and large Vd but requires an acidic pH. The adverse effects are inhibition of CY450 and PgP efflux pumps and GI disturbances it is a good alternative for azoles with severe adverse effects.

Itraconazole

What antifungal drug can be used locally and systemically to treat candida, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and Malassezia? Has a good oral bioavailability and large Vd, excreted through urine. The adverse effects of inhibition of CY450 and PgP efflux pumps and GI disturbances.

Fluconazole