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Specialists
Smaller range of tolerance, or narrow ecological niche makes them more prone to extinction
Generalists
Large range of tolerance, broader niche makes them less prone to extinction
K-selected species
Few offspring, heaving parental care, high survival rate
r-selected species
Many offspring, little to no parental care, low survival rate
Biotic potential
The maximum number of offspring an organism or species can produce under ideal environmental conditions
Survivorship curve
Line that shows survival rate of a cohort in a population from birth to death
Type 1
High survivorship early in life due to parental care, high survivorship in midlife due to large size
Type 2
Steadily decreasing survivorship throughout life, linear
Type 3
High early mortality due to low or no parental care, few make it to midlife, even fewer make it to adulthood
Carrying capacity
The maximum number of individuals in a population that an ecosystem can support
Limiting resources
Environmental factors that limit the growth of a population in an ecosystem
Overshoot
When a population briefly exceeds carrying capacity
Die off/die back
Sharp decrease in population size when resource depletion leads to many individuals dying
Density-dependent factors
Features that influence population size independent of size
Density-independent factors
Factors that influence population size based on size
Biotic potential
Maximum potential growth rate, with no limiting reasons
Age cohorts
Groups of similarly aged individuals
Total fertility rate
The average total number of children a woman will have in her lifetime
Replacement level fertility
TFR required to offset deaths in a population and keep the population size stable
Infant mortality rate
Deaths of children under 1 year per 1000 in a population
Malthusian theory
Earth has a human carrying capacity. Population is growing faster than food supplies are
Industrialization
The process of economic and social transition from an agrarian society to an industrial one
Note 
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