Untitled Flashcards Set

Herbert Hoover

U.S. president (1929–1933) blamed for the Great Depression due to his ineffective economic policies.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

U.S. president (1933–1945) who implemented the New Deal to combat the Great Depression.

Eleanor Roosevelt

First Lady and advocate for civil rights, social welfare, and women’s rights.

John L. Lewis

Labor leader who founded the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).

Frances Perkins

First female cabinet member, Secretary of Labor, and key figure in New Deal policies.

Father Coughlin

Controversial Catholic priest and radio host who opposed FDR’s policies.

Huey Long

Louisiana senator who proposed the 'Share Our Wealth' program but was assassinated in 1935.

Francis Townsend

Doctor who proposed a pension plan for the elderly, influencing Social Security.

Harold Ickes

Secretary of the Interior and head of the Public Works Administration (PWA).

Cordell Hull

FDR’s Secretary of State, key in shaping foreign policy and the Good Neighbor Policy.

Charles Lindbergh

Aviator and vocal isolationist before WWII.

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929, the day the stock market crashed, marking the start of the Great Depression.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

A Hoover-era agency that provided financial aid to banks and businesses.

Bonus Army

WWI veterans who marched on Washington in 1932 demanding early payment of their bonuses.

Hundred Days

The first 100 days of FDR’s presidency, during which he passed numerous New Deal laws.

Dust Bowl

Severe drought and dust storms in the 1930s that devastated U.S. agriculture.

New Deal

FDR’s series of programs and policies aimed at economic recovery.

Brain Trust

Group of advisors who helped FDR develop the New Deal.

The 'Three Rs'

Relief, Recovery, and Reform; the goals of the New Deal.

Court Packing Scheme

FDR’s unsuccessful plan to add more justices to the Supreme Court to pass New Deal laws.

Glass-Steagall Act

Law that separated commercial and investment banking and created the FDIC.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Protects bank deposits to prevent bank failures.

Federal Emergency Relief Administration

Provided direct relief to unemployed Americans.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Provided jobs for young men in environmental conservation projects.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Large-scale public works program creating jobs in infrastructure and the arts.

National Recovery Act (NRA)

Attempted to regulate industry and wages; later ruled unconstitutional.

Schechter Poultry Case

Supreme Court case that struck down the NRA.

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Large-scale public works projects to stimulate the economy.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

Paid farmers to reduce production to raise crop prices.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Regulates the stock market to prevent fraud.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Provided electricity and economic development in the Tennessee Valley.

Social Security Act

Established unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and old-age pensions.

National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)

Strengthened labor unions and workers' rights.

Fair Labor Standards Act

Established minimum wage, overtime pay, and child labor laws.

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

A labor union that focused on organizing industrial workers.

Roosevelt Coalition

A diverse political group that supported FDR and the New Deal.

Twentieth Amendment

Changed the presidential inauguration date from March to January.

Twenty-first Amendment

Repealed Prohibition.

Isolationism

The policy of avoiding foreign conflicts, popular in the U.S. before WWII.

Good Neighbor Policy

FDR’s policy of improving relations with Latin America.

Nye Committee

Investigated the role of arms manufacturers in pushing the U.S. into WWI.

Neutrality Acts

Laws passed in the 1930s to prevent the U.S. from getting involved in foreign wars.

Spanish Civil War

A conflict in Spain (1936–1939) where fascists led by Franco overthrew the Republican government.