145lec13F21

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10 Terms

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Repression
The process that inhibits gene expression, typically by a repressor protein binding to DNA.
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Induction
The process by which a set of genes is turned on by the presence of an inducer.
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Lac operon
A cluster of genes (lacZYA) regulated together, involved in lactose metabolism, controlled by the presence or absence of lactose.
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Arabinose operon
Operon that uses both positive and negative control mechanisms; regulated by AraC protein and influenced by the presence of arabinose.
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Trp operon
Operon responsible for synthesizing tryptophan, which is repressed when tryptophan is abundant.
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Transcription
The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.
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Enhancers/Activators
Proteins that bind to regulatory regions to facilitate transcription by making promoter sequences more accessible to RNA polymerase.
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Catabolite repression
A regulatory mechanism where the presence of preferred substrates (e.g. glucose) inhibits alternative substrate utilization (e.g. lactose).
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Operon
A set of contiguous genes in the genome that are coordinately regulated to encode functional proteins or enzymes.
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Repressor protein
A protein that binds to DNA to prevent transcription of specific genes.