End of program review

What is passive immunity?

passes from mom to baby, temporary

What is active immunity?

antibodies, vaccinations

What is live immunity?

made from a weakened form of the particular virus

What is herd immunity?

majority of population immune so that disease is unlikely to enter the "herd" and cause new infections

What is endemic?

illness affecting a particular group of an expected amount of people in a certain area only

What is epidemic?

an unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness or health related event in a particular population

What is an outbreak?

similar to epidemic but in a limited area

What is a pandemic?

affecting a large population over a wide area of the world

Chain of Infection

Pathogen
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Transmission
Portal of entry
Establishment of disease in new host

What is a Communicable Disease?

agent causes infection-is transmissible from one person to another

What is a Non-Communicable Disease?

disease that is not transmitted from one person to another

What is an acute disease?

come on suddenly and resolve in 3 months or less with excellent recovery and survival rates

What is a chronic disease?

condition lasts longer than 3 months, sometimes for life

What is direct transmission?

touching, kissing, biting, intimate contact, droplet projection or sprays into mucous membranes ie sneezing, talking, etc-several feet

What is indirect transmission?

Airborne-prolonged suspension of infected particles in the air

What are vehicles?

(fomites)- clothing, toys, equipment, tissues

What are vectors?

bite or sting of a mosquito, fly, or tick

What is MRSA?

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus-bacteria

What is Chlorea?

disease caused by E. Coli in the intestines and feces-bacteria

What is Toxoplasmosis?

parasite passed through cat feces-very dangerous for pregnant women and the immunocompromised

What is Systolic?

phase where the heart is beating

What is Diastolic?

phase where the heart is resting and filling with blood

What is Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation?

circulatory and respiratory system work together to ensure the cells have enough oxygen

What is the Good Samaritan Law?

protects citizens when trying to help a person in good faith. ie-providing CPR properly but person dies or suffers from fractured ribs as a result of your intervention

What is WIC?

Women, Infant and Children-gov't health program that focuses on providing low income women in the US with proper nutrition for them, their babies, and their young children

What is Medicaid?

Health coverage for people with limited income and resources

What is Medicare?

Provides coverage for those over 65 years of age and with disability

What is Veterans Affair?

Lifelong health care services to eligible military veterans

What is OSHA?

government agency that evaluates workplace environments for hazardous conditions

What is HIPAA?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Protects patients privacy with regard to medical records and

What is Confidentiality?

Do not discuss patients, do not keep computer screens or files open when documenting information,etc

What are Objective Observations?

What you can see and measure-ie.vital signs

What are Subjective Observations?

what the patient reports ie. I feel pain

What is NIAA?

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

What is Ritalin?

-legal and commonly abused prescription drug. Used to treat ADHD and Narcolepsy

What is Social Justice In Public Health?

Socioeconomic status should be an underlying concern meaning it should not matter how much money you make or how much education you have. ALL people should have access to health care

What is AARP?

American Association of Retired Persons-50 and over. Focuses on enhancing their quality of life through advocacy, service and information

What is Community Mobilization?

bring together as many stakeholders as possible in the community to raise people's awareness on issues and demand programs-education, prevention, treatment

What are the Evaluation of Programs?

must include the insiders, those people who are experiencing the issue at hand, typically the less powerful groups, to gain insight and perspective

What is Health Advocacy?

defined as activities that promote health and access to health care in communities

What is Affordable Care Act of 2010?

legislation that defined a patient's health literacy as to the degree to which an individual has the capacity to obtain, communicate the process, and understand basic health information

National Action Plan to Improve Health Literacy from WHO-?

purpose is to develop and disseminate health and safety information that is safe, accurate, accessible and actionable.

What is Causation?

the relation of cause to effect-a nurse accidentally gets a needle stick injury from a patient with HIV and the nurse tests positive for HIV

What is Correlation?

Used in community health statistics-the extent to which two or more variables change together. A study shows a correlation between physical activity levels of middle age and older adults and health related quality of life. The more regular the physiacl activity is, statistically a better quality of life is expressed by those individuals through survey , etc

What is Conflict of Interest?

person has a duty to more than one organization which are competitors

What is Conflict Resolution?

Must identify the problem first

6 Step Process for Program Planning and Evaluation?

Engaging Stakeholders
Describing the Program
Focusing the Evaluation Design
Gathering Credible Evidence
Justifying and Drawing Conclusions
Ensuring Use and Sharing Lessons Learned

What is ABCD Method of Effective Writing?

What do you want the audience to learn?
Describe the task or behavior using action verbs-something that can be seen or heard?
What conditions are allowed for the learner? what can they use
How well must it be done- speed, accuracy

Which is an underserved population?

Homeless

Which is the best description for an underserved or vulnerable population?

Those at high risk of limited or no health care access and help problems

What is the primary barrier for rural populations in seeking health care?

Transportation

What is the best example of what limits a person's access to food?

Remote locations

What is the BEST resource for finding reliable local community health resources?

American Medical Association

What nationwide information system helps people find local resources?

4-1-1

It is important to create a list of potential resources or assets in your community. Which of the following should you consider what creating your list?

Public institutions and services

The US spends more on health care than any country in the world but has worse health outcomes than any of its peer countries. This is because the US:

Correcting socioeconomic, racial, and cultural inequities is NOT a priority

Influences on health include the availability of and access to:

clean water and non-polluted ai

What factor can counter adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and improve health outcomes?

Resiliency

A large number of the "Baby Boomer" generation face chronic diseases. One way to positively address this would be to:

increase chronic disease self-management programs

What is defined as activities that PROMOTE health and access to health care in communities?

Advocacy

What is the advantage of community mobilization?

Social Justice

Which of the following describes a social justice concern in public health?

Older black Americans have higher rates of premature death from diabetes

A patient is told she may want to use birth control, based on her age and the way she dresses. What is the doctor demonstrating?

Gender bias

A 55 y.o. patient who was previously in that military and is currently employed in the private sector work have access to all the following services EXCEPT:

Medicare

Tony and Carl attend the same school and are currently sick. Tony's family lives below the poverty line. What health obstacles might Tony face that Carl likely will not?

Access to affordable health care

One way to actively reduce the stereotype threat and health disparities is to:
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Remain indifferent to social and cultural biases

Which of the following can contribute to health disparities in a population?

Individuals feeling anxious about being negatively stereotyped

What in addition to lack of health care coverage, is a MAJOR factor that contributes to observed disparities in cancer incidents and death?

Heredity

The first objective of the National Action Plan to improve health literacy is to ensure development of information that is ALL of the following EXCEPT

academic

When communicating health information, the purpose should be to:

influence behaviors and attitudes towards a health issue

Which legislation (law) defined a patient's health literacy as the degree to with an individual has the capacity to obtain, communicate the process and understand basic health information?

Affordable Care Act of 2010

Obesity in children can lead to adult health problems such as:

heart disease

Warning sign(s) of child abuse is/are:

repeated injuries

Adults are more likely to abuse children if:

the adults were abused themselves

A child's growth and development are influenced by interactions with family members. This is an example of:

hereditary experiences

Which of the following is NOT considered a high risk behavior for teens?

Video games

What is one warning sign of a high risk relationship?

Alienation from family/friends

Which of the following is NOT a potential long-term consequence of being sexually promiscuous?

Gossip

Which of the following is unsafe for a pregnant woman?

Cleaning the cat's litter box

As a health care professional, when asked about a patient who is a minor by someone other than the patient's parent/guardian, what should be the guiding principle?

Confidentiality

A long-term consequence for an unethical behavior could be:

loss of job

While assisting paramedics in the attempted resuscitation of a 70 yo woman in cardiac arrest, the senior paramedic determines that the patient is dead after exhausting ass efforts. When you attempt to comfort the patient's husband, he becomes verbally abusive and tell you that you should have been able to save his loved ones life. You should:
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realize that the man's behavior is not a personal attack on you

The MOST effective means of preventing a disease from spreading is:

effective hand washing

This type of vaccine is characterized by the use of a weakened from of the virus which allows the vaccine to confer a much stronger immunity.

Live, Attenuated

Immunity that involves production of antibodies by the individual is called \____ immunity.

active

An outbreak of influenza can BEST be controlled by elimination of which of the following?

Mode of Transmission

To compensate for blood loss, the heart:

begins to pump faster

Strep throat is caused by a:

bacteria

What does HIPAA stand for?

Health Insurance, Portability and Accountability Act

Which of the following is NOT considered a threat to confidentiality?

Discussing the patient with others directly involved with his/her care

When documenting objective observations, the healthcare worker should record:

The patients temperature was 98.6

The phase where the heart is at rest is called:

diastole

One way to prevent further development of drug resistant bacteria is to teacher patients to:

always finish the entire prescription of antibiotics

Immunization (vaccination) is important in the prevention of \_______ in healthcare.

HBV

What is the first step when resolving conflict?

Identify the problem

A patient is unhappy with a doctor's level of service. What is the correct action for the health care worker?

Provide the patient the "patient advocate" contact information

Any time you approach a patient with a laceration, you should;

use PPE

If there is a reason to suspect Tuberculosis in a patient, one should take precautions including putting on:

a HEPA or N-95 respirator mask

A person experiencing \______ may appear to be intoxicated

low blood sugar

The purpose of the Good Samaritan law is to:

protect citizens from liability when redering care in good faith