Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Energy and Enzyme Study Questions

Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Energy and Enzyme Flashcards

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

Chloroplast

What is the shortest wave length of visible light?

Violet

What is the longest wave length of visible light?

Red

Light travels in wavelengths or small packages of energy called what?

Photons

What is the main photosynthetic pigment in plants?

Chlorophyll

What is the function of Rubisco?

key enzyme in photosynthesis, primarily responsible for fixing carbon dioxide into organic molecules during the Calvin cycle.

What are the products of the light reactions that fuel the Calvin cycle?

ATP and NADPH

What is the transport carbohydrate in plants?

Sucrose

Where does the O2 liberated in photosynthesis come from?

Water (H2O)

What are the two products of photosynthesis?

Glucose and Oxygen

What connects the two photosystems?

Electron Transport Chain

What enzyme adds a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP?

ATP Synthase

What is the function of the electron transport chain?

Generate a proton gradient

Where are chlorophyll a and b located?

Thylakoid membrane

The high concentration of H+ in the inner thylakoid space drives what enzyme?

ATP Synthase

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

Stroma

What pigments are responsible for the orange and yellows of fall foliage?

Carotenoids and Xanthophylls

What is sunlight made up of?

Ultraviolet, Visible light, and Infrared

What replaces the electron in photosystem I and photosystem II?

Plastocyanin / H2O

In Photorespiration, what does Rubisco fixes to RuBP?

Oxygen

What molecule stores energy and is used to run all metabolic pathways?

ATP

What type of reaction is where a molecule gains an electron?

Reduction

What is the first step in aerobic cellular respiration?

Glycolysis

What membranous organelle where does most of aerobic cellular respiration occurs?

Mitochondria

How many ATP molecules are produced in fermentation, from one molecule of glucose?

2

What are the two types of fermentation?

Alcohol and Lactic Acid

How many ATP molecules are produced in aerobic cellular respiration from one molecule of glucose?

36-38

True / False Proteins and lipids can be used in aerobic cellular respiration.

True

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport system of aerobic cellular respiration?

Oxygen

What enzyme adds an inorganic phosphate molecule to an ADP?

ATP Synthase

Glucose is split into two what molecules by the end of glycolysis?

Pyruvate

In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced into what?

Lactate (Lactic Acid)

In what part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

Cytoplasm

What is the function of NAD and FAD?

Electron Carriers

Write and balance the basic chemical reaction for aerobic cellular respiration.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)

Hypothetically, how many ATP can be produced from each NADH molecule?

2.5

Hypothetically, how many ATP can be produced from each FADH2 molecule?

1.5

Where are NADH molecules produced in aerobic cellular respiration?

Glycolysis, Pyruvate Decarboxylation, and Krebs Cycle

What is the final electron acceptor in both alcohol and lactic acid fermentation?

Acetaldehyde

List four products of the Kreb’s cycle.

ATP, NADH, FADH2, CO2

As the electrons move down the electron transport system, the energy released functions to pump what into the inner mitochondrial space?

H+ ions (protons)

Do plants utilize aerobic cellular respiration?

Yes

When the oxygen levels drop in humans, our muscle cells begin to use what fermentation?

Lactic Acid

What enzyme removes hydrogen atoms?

Dehydrogenase

Most enzymes end with what suffix?

-ase

What blocks enzyme activity by blocking the active site of specific enzymes?

Competitive Inhibitors

At high temperatures, what happens to the enzyme?

Denatures

Which Thermodynamic Properties is for a chemical reaction in which monosaccharides are linked to form a polysaccharide?

+ΔG

What are cofactors that are essential in proper functioning of enzymes?

Minerals (Inorganic ions)

Enzymes function to do what to the amount of activation energy required to initiate the chemical reaction within a cell?

Lower

What is a series of chemical reactions that are organized into chains or cycles and are catalyzed by enzymes?

Metabolic Pathway

What is a non-protein chemical compound that are bound tightly to an enzyme and required for catalysis?

Prosthetic group

What type of reaction releases energy?

Exergonic

What type of inhibition is when a molecule binds to the active site competing with the substrate for the active site?

Competitive

The reactants must absorb a certain amount of energy to initiate a reaction. This energy is called what?

Activation Energy

Enzymes are reusable. True or False

True

Most enzymes are proteins with a pocket or cleft on its surface called what?

Active Site

In humans, all enzymes function at what degrees Celsius?

37

If a molecule, atom, or ion loses an electron, it is said to be what?

Oxidized

The type of energy that is stored and is available to do work is called what energy?

Potential

What law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed?

First

What is an electron transporter derived from niacin?

NAD+

What type of inhibition is when a molecule binds to a site other than the active site thus changing the structure of the active site prohibiting the binding of the substrate?

Non-Competitive

Exergonic or Endergonic Enzyme

Endergonic