Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Energy and Enzyme Study Questions

• Write the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis. 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light \rightarrow C6H{12}O6 + 6O2

• What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? Chloroplast

• Violet is the shortest wave length of visible light.

• Red is the longest wave length of visible light.

• Light travels in wavelengths or small packages of energy called photons.

• Chlorophyll a is the main photosynthetic pigment in plants and is responsible for the green color.

• What is the function of Rubisco? Rubisco catalyzes the first major step of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle.

• ATP and NADPH are the products of the light reactions that function to fuel the dark reactions or the Calvin cycle.

• Sucrose is the transport carbohydrate in plants.

• Where does the O2 liberated in photosynthesis come from? Water

• Glucose and Oxygen are the two products of photosynthesis.

• Electron Transport Chain connects the two photosystems.

• ATP Synthase is the enzyme responsible for adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP, thus recharging the ATP.

• The electron transport chain functions to create a proton gradient.

• Where are chlorophyll a and b located? Thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast

• The high concentration of H+ in the inner thylakoid space drives the enzyme, ATP Synthase, as H+ ions diffuse through the enzyme into the stroma.

• The dark reactions or the Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.

• Carotenoids and Xanthophylls are responsible for the orange and yellows of the fall foliage.

• Sunlight is made up of UV light, visible light, and infrared radiation.

• Photosystem I replaces the electron in photosystem I and Photosystem II replaces the electron in photosystem II.

• Photorespiration is the process where Rubisco fixes oxygen to RuBP.

Cellular Respiration Study Questions

• ATP is the molecule that stores energy and is used to run all metabolic pathways (the battery).

• Reduction is the type of reaction where a molecule gains an electron, thus becoming more negative.

• Glycolysis is the first step in aerobic cellular respirations and is also used in both fermentation and in anaerobic cellular respiration.

• Mitochondria is the membranous organelle where most of aerobic cellular respiration occurs.

• How many ATP molecules are produced in fermentation, from one molecule of glucose? 2

• Lactic acid fermentation and Alcohol fermentation are the two types of fermentation.

• How many ATP molecules are produced in aerobic cellular respiration from one molecule of glucose? 36-38

• True / False Proteins and lipids can be used in aerobic cellular respiration. True

• The final electron acceptor in the electron transport system of aerobic cellular respiration is Oxygen.

• The enzyme located on the inner mitochondrial membrane that functions to add an inorganic phosphate molecule to an ADP is called ATP Synthase.

• Glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules by the end of glycolysis.

• In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced into lactate.

• In what part of the cell does glycolysis occur? Cytoplasm

• What is the function of NAD and FAD? NAD and FAD are coenzymes that transport electrons during cellular respiration.

• Write and balance the basic chemical reaction for aerobic cellular respiration. C6H{12}O6 + 6O2 \rightarrow 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy(ATP)

• Hypothetically, how many ATP can be produced from each NADH molecule? 3

• Hypothetically, how many ATP can be produced from each FADH2 molecule? 2

• Where are NADH molecules produced in aerobic cellular respiration?

• Glycolysis,

• Kreb's cycle, and

• Link reaction.

• Acetaldehyde is the final electron acceptor in both alcohol and lactic acid fermentation.

• List four products of the Kreb’s cycle. ATP, NADH, FADH2, CO2

• As the electrons move down the electron transport system, the energy released functions to pump protons into the inner mitochondrial space.

• Do plants utilize aerobic cellular respiration? Yes

• When the oxygen levels drop in humans, our muscle cells begin to use lactic acid fermentation.

• The enzyme dehydrogenase, removes hydrogen atoms. The enzymes reduces NAD+ to form NADH.

Energy and Enzyme Study Questions

• Most enzymes end with the suffix -ase.

• Enzyme inhibitors block enzyme activity by blocking the active site of specific enzymes (i.e. Penicillin).

• At high temperatures, the enzyme denatures, which is the change in shape of the active site, so it can no longer fit the substrate. (Cooking)

• Which of the following shows the correct changes in thermodynamic properties for a chemical reaction in which monosaccharides are linked to form a polysaccharide? A. +ΔG

• Minerals are cofactors that are essential in proper functioning of enzymes.

• Enzymes function to decrease the amount of activation energy required to initiate the chemical reaction within a cell.

• A metabolic pathway is a series of chemical reactions that are organized into chains or cycles and are catalyzed by enzymes.

• A prosthetic group is a non-protein chemical compound that are bound tightly to an enzyme and required for catalysis.

• A reaction that releases energy and the products have less energy than the reactants is called exergonic.

• In competitive inhibition a molecule binds to the active site competing with the substrate for the active site.

• The reactants must absorb a certain amount of energy to initiate a reaction. This energy is called Activation Energy.

• Enzymes are reusable. True or False. True

• Most enzymes are proteins with a pocket or cleft on its surface called an active site.

• In humans, all enzymes function at 37 degrees Celsius.

• If a molecule, atom, or ion loses an electron, it is said to be oxidized.

• The type of energy that is stored and is available to do work is called potential energy. Chemical bonds are an example.

• The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

• Fill in the following equation with the terms given to the molecules on each side of the reaction. (Image Required)

• NADH is an electron transporter derived from niacin.

• In non-competitive inhibition, a molecule binds to a site other than the active site thus changing the structure of the active site prohibiting the binding of the substrate.

• Which letter represents the energy required to initiate a non-enzyme catalyzed reaction? (Image Required)

• Which letter represents the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) from this chemical reaction? (Image Required)

• What type of chemical reaction is this?

Exergonic Enzyme (Image Required)