Psych Bio Pt. 1

Branch of life sciences that involves the structure and function of the brain and nervous system is called______.

neuroscience

The study of the biological basis of behavior is called _____

Biological psychology

The body is the basis for ______ behaviors.

All

Genes are instructions for _______.

building proteins

Genes can be turned _____ at different times

on(expressed) or off

Double stranded instructions are…

DNA

Copied instructions are…

RNA

Copies are used as instructions to ______ proteins.

build

The main source of different body functions comes from variation in ____.

Protein structure

Genes don’t produce ______

behaviors

Genes of a person can _____ over time.

change

Genes for a particular person aren’t always _____ in the same way

present

The _________ debate frames the roles of genes and experience inaccurately

nature or nurture

Behaviors are shaped by…

both gene and environment

If a trait has “low heritability” what does that mean?

There is a lot of opportunity for environmental influence

If a trait has “high heritability” what does that mean?

There is little opportunity environmental influence

Genes and environment…..

influence one another

_______ is a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body

The nervous system

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To carry info. to and from all parts of the body

What is the nervous system?

Network of cells that carries info. throughout the body

The _____ nervous system consists of all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral

The peripheral nervous system consists of the _______ and _______ nervous systems.

autonomic and somatic

The ______ nervous system controls the voluntary muscles of the body

Somatic

The ______ nervous system controls involuntary muscles, organs, and glands

Autonomic

The ______ is responsible for responding to stress

Sympathetic nervous system

The system that calms the body after stress is the______

Parasympathetic nervous system

The _____ nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord

Central

Neurons that carry info from the senses to the CNS are called

Sensory Neurons

Neurons that carry messages from the central nervous system to muscles are called ______

Motor neurons

Which part of the nervous system takes information received from senses, processes it, makes decisions, and sends commands?

Brain

The body’s communication system is the _______.

Nervous system

Responsible for reacting to stressful events and bodily arousal (fight, flight, or freeze)

Sympathetic division

Restores the body to normal functioning after arousal and is responsible for the day to day functioning of the organs and glands

Parasympathetic division

Long bundle of neurons that carries messages b/t the body and brain

Spial Cord

Hindbrain

Contains Medulla, Cerebellum and Pons

What is the medulla responsible for?

Life-sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing and heart rate

What is Pons responsible for?

Plays a part in sleep, dreaming, left/right body coordination and arousal

What is cerebellum responsible for?

Controls and coordinates involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement

The midbrain is the ______ and _______

Hindbrain and Forebrain

What is the midbrains responsibility?

It’s responsible for basic sensory processing and movement

Basal Ganglia

Brain structures responsible for movement regulation, habits, motivation, and information integration

Limbic system

group of brain structures involved in learning, emotion, memory, and motivation

Amygdala

fear

hippocampus

long-term memory

Thalamus

Sensory integration center

Hypothalamus

body regulation and motivations

Cortex

outermost covering of the brain consisting of densely packed neurons; responsible for higher thought processes and interpretation of sensory input

Corticalization

wrinkling of the cortex; which allows more cortical cells to fit inside the skull

Corpus Callosum

a band of nerve fibers that connects the 2 halves of the brain

4 lobes of the brain

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Parietal Lobe

responsible for touch sensory integration; processes numerical information

Occipital Lobe

responsible for processing visual information

Temporal Lobe

responsible for auditory processing and emotional and motivational behaviors

Frontal Lobe

responsible for motion, abstract thinking and planning, decision making, and working memory

Lesioning Studies

insertion of a wire to the brain where an electric current is sent which destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire

Brain Stimulation

Electrical stimulation of the brain

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

use of radio waves and magnetic fields to produce detailed images

EEG (electroencephalograph)

uses electrodes to record electrical activity

____ are the 3 major divisions of the brain

Hindbrain, Midbrain, and forebrain

The ___ is responsible for sleep, dreaming, arousal, and left-right body coordination

Pons

The ______ is responsible for life sustaining functions like breathing, swallowing, heart rate

Medulla

The _____ is responsible for coordinating involuntary, rapid, and fine motor movement

cerebellum

The ____ is responsible for sensory processing and movement

Midbrain

The ____ is responsible for movement regulation, habits, motivation, and information integration

basal ganglia

The ____ is responsible for learning, emotion, memory, and motivation

Limbic system

The ____ is responsible for higher thought processes and interpretation of sensory input

cortex

Why does the brain have wrinkles?

To increase surface area for more neurons to fit in the skull

What is a benefit of corticalization in the brain?

More surface pressure for neurons and complex processing

What is the band of nerve fibers that connects the 2 halves of the brain?

Corpus callosum

The _____ is responsible for sensory perception & integration, including taste, hearing, sight, touch and smell

Parietal Lobe

The _____ is responsible for processing visual info

occipital lobe

The _____ is responsible for motion, abstract thinking and planning, decision making, and working memory

Frontal Lobe

The _____ is responsible for auditory processing, emotional and motivational behaviors, and complex aspects of vision

Temporal Lobe

Brain studies that ______ include techniques that use strong magnets to target and kill small amounts of brain tissue

lesion the brain

To intentionally damage a small area of an animals brain using a thin wire that destroys cells is called?

lesioning

Brain studies that ______ include techniques that use electrodes to record the brains electrical activity during a task and record oxygen consumption of the brain to see which parts worked hard

track brain activity

Brain studies categorized as ______ include techniques that use electrodes to record electrical activity in the brain

tracking activity

To activate an inactive part of an animals brain by inserting a thin wire and sending a small electrical current is :

brain stimulation