AP Human Geo Unit 2 Vocab

Population Distribution

The pattern human’s are spread out over the earth’s surface.

Population Clusters

Heavily populated areas that show the unevenness in a global population distribution.

Metacity

City with more than 20 million residents.

Megacity

City with more than 10 million residents.

5 Most Populated Countries

China, India, US, Indonesia, and Brazil.

Countries Expected To Join Top 10 Most Populated Countries

Democratic Republic of Congo and Ethiopia.

Countries Expected To Leave Top 10 Most Populated Countries

Russia and Mexico.

Developed Countries

Country with advanced economy and high standard of living.

Developing Countries

Countries that are relatively low income and economically poorer than developed countries.

Snow Belt

States in northern and midwestern parts of the country.

Sunbelt

States in coastal areas and South/Southwest.

Arithmetic Formula

Total Population / Land Area = Persons per Square ____.

Arable Land

Land suitable for cultivation.

Carrying Capacity

The number of people a particular environment or Earth as a whole can support on a sustainable basis.

Doubling Formula

70/Rate.

Youth Dependency Rate

Number of dependents (younger than 15) in a population that each 100 working age people must support.

Countries With High Child Dependency

African & Developing Countries like Pakistan.

Elderly Dependency Ratio

Number of elderly dependents (older than 64) in a population that every 100 working age people must support.

Countries With High Elderly Dependency

European Countries, Canada, Cuba, China, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand.

Dependency Ratio

The number of dependents in a population that each 100 working age people (15-64) must support.

Silent Generation

Born from 1924-1945, attributed to political cautiousness of its members.

Baby Boomers

Born between 1946-1964, reshaped lifestyles and social norms.

Gen X

Born from 1965-1980, came from an environment tolerant of differentiation.

Millennials (Gen Y)

From 1981-2000, most educated and politically active generation.

Demographic Equation

(Births + Migrants in)/(Deaths - Migrants Out), method for calculating total population.

Crude Birth Rate Ratio

(Births per 1000 / Population), indicates fertility levels.

TFR

Average number of children born per woman during her reproductive lifetime.

Replacement Fertility Rate

Average number of children needed to replace both parents (2.1).

Infant Mortality Rate

Measure of how many infants die within the first year of life per 1000 people.

Low Fertility Rates

Fertility rate of 4 or lower.

Rate of Natural Increase

Difference between number of births and deaths in a population, shown as a percent.

Zero Population Growth

When a country has the same number of births and deaths in a given year.

Demographic Transition Model

Conceptualizes how CBR and CDR change over time as countries industrialize.

Stage 1 (High Stationary)

High Birth & Death Rates, no countries currently in this stage.

Stage 2 (Early Expanding)

High Birth Rates, lower death rates, high population growth.

Stage 3 (Late Expanding)

Birth rates decline, typical of developing countries.

Stage 4 (Low Stationary)

Birth and Death rates remain similar, many developed countries.

Stage 5 (Slowly Decreasing)

Rich and industrialized countries with TFR below replacement level.

Epidemiological Transition Theory

Explains how health services and living standards affect disease patterns.

Causes of Death for Low-Income Countries

Diseases, communicable and nutritional conditions.

Causes of Death for High-Income Countries

Heart Disease, Stroke, Alzheimer’s, Noncommunicable diseases.

Malthusian Theory

Needs of growing population would exceed available resources.

Neo-Malthusians

Believe humanity is heading to scarcity and crisis.

Cornucopians / Anti-Malthusians

Disagree with Malthusian view of population and resources.

Boserup Effect

Increasing food production results from new farming methods.

Carrying Capacity

Maximum number of organisms an ecosystem can sustain with limited resources.

Antinatalist Policies

Designed to curtail population by reducing fertility rates.

Pronatalist Policies

Designed to boost fertility rates and ultimately population growth.

Median Age

The age at the midpoint of a population.

Life Expectancy

Average life expectancy for both sexes is 73.2 years.