AP Human Geo Unit 2 Vocab

Population Distribution: The pattern human’s are spread out over the earth’s surface

Population Clusters: Heavily populated areas that show the unevenness in a global population distribution. Areas where there are population clusters are South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe

Metacity: City with more than 20 Million Residents

Megacity: City with more than 10 million residents

5 Most Populated Countries: China, India, US, Indonesia, and Brazil

Countries Expected To Join Top 10 Most Populated Countries: Democratic Republic of Congo and Ethiopia

Countries Expected To Leave Top 10 Most Populated Countries: Russia and Mexico

Developed Countries: Country with advanced economy and high standard of living

Developing Countries: Countries that are relatively low income and economically poorer than developed countries.

Snow Belt: States in northern and midwestern parts of country

Sunbelt: States in coastal areas and South / Southwest

Arithmetic Formula: Total Population / Land Area = Persons per Square ____

Arable Land: Land suitable for cultivation

Carrying Capacity: The number of people a particular environment or Earth as a whole can support on a sustainable basis

Doubling Formula: 70/Rate

Youth Dependency Rate: Number of dependents (younger than 15) in a population that each 100 working age people must support.

Countries With High Child Dependency: African & Developing Countries like Pakistan

Elderly Dependency Ratio: Number of elderly dependents (older than 64) in a population that every 100 working age people must support.

Countries With High Elderly Dependency: European Countries, Canada, Cuba, China, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand

Dependency Ratio: The number of dependents in a population that each 100 working age-people (15-64) must support

Silent Generation: Born from 1924-1945, attributed to political cautiousness of its members.Values hard work, follow rues, and rarely divorce

Baby Boomers: Born between 1946-1964, end of war caused more children. Reshaped lifestyles and social norms, own their own homes.

Gen X: Born from 1965-1980, came from environment that is more tolerant of religious, cultural, and ethnic differentiation

Millennial’s (Gen Y): From 1981-2000, most educated, wary of wallstreet and rely on parents for financial help. Tend to partake on political and renewable causes, lived with internet

Gen Z:

Alpha Beta Generation:

Demographic Equation: (Births + Migrants in)/(Deaths-Migrants Out), method for calculating total population of a country based on natural increase and migration over a period of time

Crude Birth Rate Ratio: (Births per 1000 / Population). Low if 10-20 births per 10000, transitional when 20-30, high when it is more than 30

TFR: Average number of children born per woman during her reproductive lifetime. from 15-49

Replacement Fertility Rate: Average number of children need to replace both parents and stabilize the population (2.1)

Infant Moratality Rate: Measure of how many infants die within the first year of their life per 1000 people

Low Fertility Rates: Fertility rate of 4

Rate of Natural Increase: Difference between number of births and deaths in a population, showed as a percent

Zero Population Growth: When a country has same number of births and deaths in a given year, RNI of 0

Demographic Transition Model: Conceptualizes how CBR and CDR as well as RNI change over time as countries go through industrialized and urbanization

Stage 1 (High Stationary): High Birth & Death Rates, no countries

Stages 2 (Early Expanding): High Birth Rates, lower death rates. High population growth and sub-Saharan countries.

Stage 3 (Late Expanding): Birth rates decline, developing countries

Stage 4 (Low Stationary): Birth and Death rates remain similar, many developed countries

Stage 5 (Slowly Decreasing): Rich and industrialized countries, when TFR drops below replacement level. Japan, Germany, and European countries.

Epidemiological Transition Theory: Seeks to explain how changes in health services and living standards affect patterns of disease.

Causes of Death for Low-Income Countries: Diseases, communicable and nutritional conditions

Causes of Death for High-Income Countries: Heart Disease, Stroke, Alzheimer’s, Noncommunicable diseases

Malthusian Theory: Needs of growing population would exceed available resources, leading to dire outcomes

Neo-Malthusians: Believe that humanity is heading to scarcity and crisis, should have resource conservation

Cornucopians / Anti-Malthusians: People who disagree with Malthusian view of population and resources.

Boserup Effect: Increasing food production will result from the use of new farming methods

Carrying Capacity: Maximum number of organisms an ecosystem can sustain with limited amounts of resources

Antinatalist Policies: Designed to curtail population by reducing fertility rates (China)

Pronatalist Policies: Designed to boost fertility rates and ultimately population growth (Russia’s incentives to families to have more children)

Median Age: The age at the midpoint of a population

Life Expectancy: For both sexes, 73.2. Women: 75.6 Men: 70.8