Interviewing and Interrogation (4)

What four objectives does an interrogation accomplish?

obtaining facts, eliminating the innocent, identifying the guilty, and obtaining a confession.

What are the similarities between Interviews and Interrogations?

Planning, control of surroundings, privacy, establishing a rapport, carefully listening, and proper documentation

Why are interviews purposes different than interrogations?

interviews purpose is to obtain information while an interrogations purpose is to test information already obtained.

What are the differences of preparation for interviews and interrogations?

Interviews only have minimal prep while interrogations have extensive prep

What are the differences in the relationship during Interviews vs Interrogations?

Interrogations are hostile while Interviews are cooperative

Is guilt certain in an Interview?

No guilt or guilt uncertain

Is guilt certain in an interrogation?

guilt is suggested or likely

What is the basic preparation for interviews or interrogations?

know as much as possible about the witness, know the crime(s) they committed, learn as much as possible about the victim, evaluate the suspect

What did many investigators find useful for completing pre-interrogation?

Pre- Interrogation Checklist

What are the challenges in relying on eyewitness identification?

the significance/insignificance of the event to the witness, the length of the period of observation by the witness, the lack of ideal conditions for the witness, the psychological factors internal to the witness, the physical condition of the witness, and the expectancy of the witness.

What does research indicate about eyewitness identification?

its unreliable

human perception and memory are __ and do not make exact copies

selective

How can hypnosis be used by investigators?

to aid witness recall

What are the potential problems with using hypnosis?

hyper suggestibility, hyper compliance, and confabulation

What does neuro come from?

the idea that behavior originates from neurological processes involving the five senses

What does programming refer to?

how we organize our ideas and actions to produce results

interview consists of

beginning, middle, and end

beginning should be a time when:

the investigator can identify himself or herself, the investigator can discuss the purpose of the interview, and the investigator establishes rapport

during the middle the investigator

gathers information

during the ending the investigator

thanks the witness for his/her cooperation

What is the cognitive interview technique?

a method of jogging the memory of an eyewitness

what do they do during the cognitive interview technique?

encourage the free flow of thoughts and looking at the event from different perspectives

What are the four basic techniques to elicit information?

asking the witness to think about the circumstances, report everything no matter how minor or unimportant it may appear, recall events in a different order, and change perspectives by looking at the event from the standpoint of a third person

What is the impact of Miranda v Arizona and other supreme court cases?

They established a number of legal requirements regarding interrogation of suspects

The police are required to advise in-custody suspects of:

the right to remain silent, the right to be told that anything said can and will be used against them in court, the right to consult with an attorney prior to answering any questions and the right to have an attorney present during the interrogation, and if the suspect cannot afford to pay for an attorney, the court will appoint one

Police departments use these forms to document:

rights have been given to the suspects, suspects acknowledge they understand the rights and suspect signs waiver of their rights

What are the interrogation techniques and approaches?

logical approach, emotional approach, sympathetic approach, indirect approach, "mutt & jeff" approach (bad cop good cop), and playing one suspect against another suspect approach

Why is listening during interviews and interrogations important?

investigators can conduct a successful interview only if they are good listeners

memory documentation advantages and disadvantages

quick and easy vs. limited and recall

note taking documentation advantages and disadvantages

prevents need for re-interviewing vs. distracting the witness

handwritten by the witness documentation advantages and disadvantages

useful if witness can't testify vs. not necessary in routine statements

sound recordings documentation advantages and disadvantages

inexpensive and not distracting vs. not practical and necessary