Science CFU genetics 1

Organism

a single living thing

Trait

a characteristic or feature an organism has

Variation

Differences within a single trait

Protein

A type of molecule in our food that our bodies need

Phenotype

Themway an individual loos or appears for a specific trait

Sexual Reproduction

When an egg and sperm cell combine to creae a single cell that developes into an offspring

Pedigree

An organized representation of biological relationships

Chromosomes

Physical structures that are passed from parents to offspring in egg and copied when new cells are made

Nucleus

Feautre of most cells; where chromosomes are located inside cells

Karyotype

A picture of all an organisms chromosomes, arranged in pairs

Gebe

a certain region of an chromosome that causes a certain protein to be made

Alleles

Different forms of genes (different shapes for each gene)

Genotype

the combination of alleles that an organism has

Difference between phenotype and varitation

The phenotype describes one individual's appearance while a variation describes the range of possibilities for a trait.

What pattern do we see with heavily muscled offspring and their parents?

Heavily muscled offspring can be born from any combination of parents, but they may have ancestors with the extra-muscled phenotype.

What proteins are NOT in sperm and egg cells?

Sperm + egg cells don’t contain actin/myosin, so the muscle proteins are not coming directly from the parent

How many chromosome sets in body cells?

Individuals have two sets of chromosomes in nearly all of their body cells - one set from each parent.

How many chromosome sets in body cells?

Sex cells (sperm and egg) only have one set of chromosomes.They combine during sexual reproduction to create the two sets found in offspring. This is how chromosomes are passed down. 

Cause and effect chain order

Alleles from parents (sperm and egg) causes offsprings genotypes (alleles) causes proteins to be made (mysostatin) causes whether the protein does it’s job or not (recepts) which influences phenotype/musculature also influenced by diet and exercise.

How do body cells get 2 copies of each chromosome?

They get 1 copy from the mom and 1 copy from the dad’s sex cells, combining into 60 chromosomes (2 of each) and 30 chromosomes in the sex cells.

How are chromosomes and genes related?

genes are located on chromosomes and each chromosome contains many different genes

How are genes and alleles related

the genes each have 2 alleles/two different forms of genes. The 2 alleles make up a genotype

What is the connection between alleles, genes and proteins?

The alleles from the paretns determin the offsprigs genotype (alleles/genes), which then causes the types of proteings to be and made and whether they do their job or not

What do pedigrees show

It traces traits and genes being passed down from parents to an offspring

Describe the role of myostatin proteins in determining muscle phenotypes

Whether it is partial or not determins teh muscle phenotypes because if it is partial, it cannot fit in the receptor, and thenit cannot send a muscle to the cell to limit muscle production, while if it is full, it fits into the cell receptor and sends the message to make normal lookign muscles.