Midterm Exam Review: Ethics and Human Nature

This set of flashcards covers key concepts from the lecture on ethics, human nature, and related philosophical theories to prepare for the midterm exam.

What is an elevator pitch?

An elevator pitch is a brief, persuasive speech that you can use to spark interest in what you do or organization.

What should an effective elevator pitch accomplish?

It should offer a concise idea of who you are and how you want to be perceived.

What distinguishes ethics from morals?

Ethics is a system of interrelated morals that are commonly accessible, while morals are individual beliefs about right and wrong.

Provide an example of being ethical but not moral.

Being honest at work but not pursuing advancement to better provide for your family.

Provide an example of being moral but not ethical.

Lying and cheating to gain advancement at work to better provide for your family.

What is the role of 'human nature' in establishing ethics in a community?

Human nature suggests that people can perfect themselves, and it impacts how individuals engage in ethical behaviors.

Who did Socrates suggest should guide impulses and appetites?

Reason should manage and guide impulses, appetites, and social ambition.

What does 'the unexamined life is not worth living' imply?

It implies that rational thought and self-reflection are essential to living a meaningful life.

According to Aristotle, what is human nature?

Human nature is perfectible, suggesting that everyone can become knowledgeable and unselfish.

How can empathy be biologically explained?

Empathy is built into the brain, as evidenced by mirror neurons that activate when observing others' emotions.

What is the significance of reciprocal altruism?

It suggests that selfless behavior is encouraged by the expectation of future reciprocation.

Define the concept of executive function.

Executive function includes willpower, focus, and the ability to make rational decisions.

What is the Dark Triad in personality psychology?

It consists of psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism, which are characterized by manipulative and destructive behaviors.

What is stakeholder theory?

Stakeholder theory focuses on the significance of considering all stakeholders' interests in corporate decision-making.

According to Aristotle, what is the hierarchy of values?

The hierarchy of values ranks things based on their intrinsic worth, significance for other values, and their utility.

What are the three types of values according to Aristotle?

1. Good in itself (intrinsically good); 2. Good for itself and for something else (extrinsically good); 3. Good only for bringing about another; e.g., studying.

What is the importance of free speech according to JS Mill?

Free speech allows for a diversity of opinions that can strengthen ethical understanding and contribute to knowledge.