Protista

Are protists Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

Cytoskeleton

structural support in Eukaryotes

Contractile Vacuoles

organelles that pump excess water in protist cells

Endosymbiosis

symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives inside another

Derived from ancestral eukaryotic cells

Mitochondria and plastids

Cyanobacteria

bacteria capable of photosynthesis

Plastid carrying eukaryotes

Evolved from cyanobacteria engulfed by an ancestral heterotrophic eukaryote that diversified into red and green algae

cyanobacteria are gram?

gram-negative

Secondary endosymbiosis

red and green algae were ingested by heterotrophic eukaryotes

Exucata

a supergroup named after a grove on one side of its body

SAR alliance

A supergroup containing Stramenopila, Alveolata, and Rhizaria

Stramenopila and Alveolata

Two members of the SAR group that originated through a red alga secondary endosymbiosis

pseudopodia in Rhizarians are used-

are used in movement and to capture prey

Archaeplastida

A supergroup of eukaryotes that include red and green algae

Euglenazoans

A clade that includes predatory heterotrophs,photosynthetic autotrophs, mixotrophs, and parasites

Euglenazoan specific feature

spiral or crystalline structure inside of flagella

kinetoplastids

protists that have singular, large, mitochondria that contain kinetoplast

Kinetoplast

organized mass of DNA

Kinetoplastid range

feeds on freshwater, marine, and moist terrestrial ecosystems. Parasitic to humans,animals,and plants

Trypanosoma: Kinetoplastids

Kinetoplasids in this genus cause sleep sickness

Diaotoms, Oomycyetes, and Brown Algae

Stramenopiles

Diaotoms

unicellular algae with glass like walls

Brown Algae

multicellular, mostly marine, and brown or olive due to carotenoids inside plasid

Oomycetes

descendants from plastid-baring ancestors, parasitic/decomposers, and have cell walls made of cellulose

Alveolates

a sub-group of SAR that ranges from photosynthetic and heterotrophic protists

Dinoflagelletes, Apricomplexans, and Ciliates

Alveolate clades

Dinoflagellates

alveolate clade that has two flagellas, one that spins. Also has a armour made of cellulose

Apicomplexans

An Alveolate clade that is made of animal parasites. Most likely from red agal origin

Sporozites

tiny infectious cells that target liver cells due to malaria

Merozites

Invasive form of malaria that affects red blood cells

Ciliates

A large group of protists named for their use of cilia to move and feed

Genetic variations

resulted from conjugation in ciliates

conjugation

a sexual process in which two individuals exchange haploid micronuclei but don’t reproduce

Rhizarians

A group made of amoebas and flagellated protists

Gameotocyte

A eukaryotic germ that divides by mitosis to produce gametes

Plasmodium

Malaria