WHAP Unit 1 Vocabulary

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39 Terms

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Khitans

Nomadic peoples of Manchuria who founded the Liao dynasty, rivaling the Song dynasty in the 11th century.

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Neo-Confucians

Philosophy in Song-dynasty China that revived Confucianism with Buddhist and Daoist elements, emphasizing morality.

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Xi Xia

Kingdom of Tangut people north of Song China, draining resources and burdening the peasantry.

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Wang Anshi

Song dynasty chief minister who introduced Legalist reforms, facing opposition from Confucian ministers.

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Jurchens

Founders of the Jin kingdom, forcing the Song dynasty to flee south, leading to the Southern Song dynasty.

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Southern Song

Rump state of Song dynasty known for cultural peak, Neo-Confucian revival, and economic expansion.

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Champa Rice

Quick-maturing rice allowing two harvests, leading to agricultural expansion in Tang and Song dynasties.

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Grand Canal

Built during the Sui dynasty, linking northern China with the Yangtze river basin, aiding agricultural and commercial growth.

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Foot binding

Tang-Song era practice constricting women's feet, symbolizing China's patriarchal society.

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Samurai

Japanese military class protecting Shoguns and Daimyos, promoting warrior values during the Bakufu era.

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Gempei Wars

Five-year conflict between Taira and Minamoto families leading to the establishment of the Bakufu military government in Japan.

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Daimyo

Warlord rulers of small states in Japan, stabilizing village life and supporting rural communities.

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Sinification

Adoption of Chinese culture in regions like Korea, Japan, and Vietnam, influencing language, Confucianism, and art.

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Koryo Dynasty

Korean kingdom that led to cultural advancements like Buddhism expansion and metal moveable printing press.

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Mamluks

Muslim slave warriors who established a dynasty in Egypt, defeating the Mongols and halting their advance.

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Al-Tusi

Islamic scholar who made significant contributions to astronomy, mathematics, and trigonometry.

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House of Wisdom

Academic center in Baghdad fostering scholarly growth, preserving ancient knowledge, and advancing academia.

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Astrolabe

Muslim astronomical instrument aiding navigation and determining prayer times.

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Sunnism

Islamic faith supporting the first four caliphs and following Muhammed's example, leading to conflicts with Shia.

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Sufism

Muslim mystics seeking communion with God through meditation and rituals, contributing to the spread of Islam.

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Delhi Sultanate

First Islamic government in India (1206-1520) centered in Delhi, ruled by a Sultanate, maintaining social structure, and establishing customs like sati and ban on widow remarriage.

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Theravada Buddhism

Branch of Buddhism in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, close to original principles, emphasizes individual enlightenment over gods.

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Mahayana Buddhism

Branch of Buddhism in China, Japan, and Central Asia, focuses on reverence for Buddha and bodhisattvas, significant developments in Buddhist doctrines.

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Tibetan Buddhism

Doctrine in Tibet and China, combines Indian and shamanistic elements, influenced politics, arts, and social norms.

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Sultanate of Malacca

Portuguese trade town in Malayan peninsula, controlled trade in Malay Archipelago, center for commercial activity and trade.

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Sundiata

"Lion Prince" of Mali Empire, created unified state, established basic rules of Malinke society, and influenced Mali's government.

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Griots

Oral historians in Mali Empire, keepers of traditions and advisors to kings, began epic histories like Sundiata.

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Ibn Battuta

Arab traveler describing African societies, spreading information about African society and trade routes.

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Timbuktu

Flourishing city in Western Sudan for trade and academic exchange, with Muslim universities and mosques.

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Songhay

Successor state to Mali, dominated Niger valley, fusion of Islamic and pagan practices, remained powerful until the 16th century.

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Mansa Musa

Mali emperor known for pilgrimage to Mecca, cultivating Islamic studies and faith.

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Sharia

Islamic sacred law, outlines customs of Muslims, contrasts with Sudanic states' matrilineal customs.

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Swahili City-States

Flourishing Muslim city-states along the Swahili Coast, traded ivory, gold, slaves, and exotic animals.

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Kongo

Agricultural kingdom on Congo River, ruled by hereditary monarchy, advanced in weaving, pottery, and blacksmithing.

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Great Zimbabwe

Bantu confederation in Southern Africa, center for international trade, developed advanced architectural monuments.

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Camel Saddles

Device for efficient camel travel, promoted trade along Silk Road and Arabian Peninsula.

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Monsoon Winds

Tropical winds in Southeast Asia, influenced overseas trade and transportation.

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Luxury Goods

Expensive, desired goods like silk and jewelry, boosted economies and trade along Silk Road.

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Caravans

Groups traveling together for protection, re-established trade routes without fear of robbery.