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Friedrich Whöler
Father of organic chemistry, synthesized the first organic molecule, urea.
Organic chemistry
Branch of chemistry that studies compounds containing carbon and covalent bonds.
Covalent bond
Formed when atoms share a pair of electrons, with each atom contributing one electron.
Functional group
The most reactive part of the molecule, providing most of its physical and chemical properties.
Concatenation
Ability of the carbon atom to bond to another carbon atom and form long chains.
Hybridization
Result of the readjustment of electrons in different pure atomic orbitals in the carbon atom.
Primary carbon
A carbon atom bonded to only one other carbon atom.
Secondary carbon
A carbon atom bonded to two other carbon atoms.
Tertiary carbon
A carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms.
Quaternary carbon
A carbon atom bonded to four other carbon atoms.
Aliphatics
Hydrocarbons that can be saturated (alkanes) or unsaturated (alkenes and alkynes).
Saturated Hydrocarbons
Only have single covalent bonds, cannot conduct electrical current, lower density than water.
Alkanes
Saturated hydrocarbons with only single covalent bonds.
Alkenes
Unsaturated hydrocarbons with a double bond between two carbon atoms.
Alkynes
Unsaturated hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two carbon atoms.
Aromatics
Compounds like benzene with low reactivity, colorless liquid, and lower density than water.
Black Gold
Refers to oil.
