Medical Terminology "A Body Systems Approach" - Chapter 11~ Urinary System

Abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another is a fissure.

true/false

false

An incompetent valve is one that fails to prevent the backflow of blood into a vein.

true/false

true

The condition in which the bladder herniates into the vagina is called:

a. cystocele.

b. cystitis.

c. cystoptosis.

d. vaginocele.

e. cystopathy.

a. cystocele.

Reabsorption in the nephron occurs in the:

a. renal corpuscle.

b. renal tubule.

c. Bowman capsule.

d. glomerulus.

e. afferent arteriole.

b. renal tubule.

Scanty output of urine is called oliguria.

true,false

true

The filtering units found in the kidneys that are responsible for urine formation are called:

a. bulbourethral glands.

b. collecting tubules.

c. nephrons.

d. calyces.

e. urinary meatus.

c. nephrons.

The renal pelvis is:

a. an extension of the ureter.

b. a portion of the urethra.

c. a portion of the renal corpuscle.

d. an extension of the peritoneal cavity.

e. located at the base of the bladder.

a. an extension of the ureter.

The prefix retro- means:

a. reverse.

b. below, beneath.

c. return.

d. backward, behind.

e. result.

d. backward, behind.

Antifibrinolytics are used to treat serious bleeding following certain surgeries and dental procedures.

true/false

true

The UA test includes physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation.

true/false

true

Electromyography is used primarily to measure bladder contraction.

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false

The CF kal/i means:

a. chlorine.

b. sodium.

c. potassium.

d. lithium.

e. nitrogen.

c. potassium.

Autoimmunity is the failure of the body to distinguish accurately between "self" and "nonself."

true/false

true

A radiographic examination of the urinary tract after injection of a contrast medium is called:

a. PSA.

b. KUB.

c. BNO.

d. IVP.

e. DRE.

d. IVP.

glomerulosclerosis:

condition of hardening of the glomerulus

The presence of calculi in any urinary structure is called:

a. pyelolithiasis.

b. ureterolith.

c. urolithiasis.

d. nephrolithiasis.

e. renal lithiasis.

c. urolithiasis.

The CF noct/o means:

a. near.

b. night.

c. normal.

d. natural.

e. never.

b. night.

The renal corpuscle is composed of capillaries known as the:

a. afferent arteriole.

b. Bowman capsule.

c. efferent arteriole.

d. glomerulus.

e. tubule.

d. glomerulus.

An autoimmune disease of joint tissue in which the patient's antibodies attack cartilage and connective tissue is called:

a. rheumatoid arthritis.

b. kyphosis.

c. osteoporosis.

d. fibrosarcoma.

e. osteitis deformans.

a. rheumatoid arthritis.

The visual examination of the bladder for evidence of pathology, to obtain biopsies, and to remove pathological tissue is called:

a. cystopexy.

b. cystoscopy.

c. vesicocele.

d. cystotomy.

e. vesicostomy.

b. cystoscopy.

An extreme, life-threatening response to an allergen is called:

a. induration.

b. autoimmunity.

c. asthma.

d. sensitization.

e. anaphylaxis.

e. anaphylaxis.

The kidneys secrete erythropoietin to stimulate production of:

a. red blood cells when oxygen levels are low.

b. nitrogenous products.

c. electrolytes.

d. amino acids.

e. white blood cells.

a. red blood cells when oxygen levels are low.

The CF lith/o means:

a. good, normal.

b. kidney.

c. renal pelvis.

d. stone, calculus.

e. lip.

d. stone, calculus.

An increased blood level of calcium is called hypercalcemia.

true/false

true

Arthrotomy is an incision that punctures a joint to remove accumulated fluid.

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false

The presence of abnormally large amounts of urea in the blood is called:

a. pyuria.

b. hyperkalemia.

c. hematuria.

d. polyuria.

e. uremia.

e. uremia.

The loss of large amounts of plasma protein in urine, causing systemic edema, is called:

a. nephrotic syndrome.

b. pyelonephritis.

c. nephropyosis.

d. nephrohydrosis.

e. hydronephrosis.

a. nephrotic syndrome.

Which abbreviation refers to chronic renal failure?

a. ESWL

b. US

c. KUB

d. DRE

e. ESRD

e. ESRD

The prefix dia- means:

a. destroy.

b. through, across.

c. within.

d. carry.

e. crush.

b. through, across.

At which site does hematopoiesis occur?

a. Cartilage

b. Periosteum

c. Liver

d. Capillaries

e. Bone marrow

e. Bone marrow

Surgical removal of the bladder is called:

a. vesicostomy.

b. cystostomy.

c. vesicocele.

d. cystopexy.

e. cystectomy.

e. cystectomy.

The CF ren/o means:

a. kidney.

b. urethra.

c. meatus.

d. nephron.

e. bladder.

a. kidney.

The CF pyel/o means:

a. trigone.

b. renal pelvis.

c. bladder.

d. meatus.

e. pus.

b. renal pelvis.

Which blood test is commonly used to evaluate kidney function?

a. Blood urea nitrogen

b. Blood culture and sensitivity

c. Urine culture and sensitivity

d. Renal culture

e. Bladder culture

a. Blood urea nitrogen

The area at the base of the bladder delineated by the urethra and the ureters is called the:

a. renal cortex.

b. trigone.

c. renal medulla.

d. renal pelvis.

e. Bowman capsule.

b. trigone.

The condition in which excess amounts of urea, creatinine, and uric acid build up in the blood is called:

a. anuria.

b. hyperkalemia.

c. bilirubinemia.

d. azotemia.

e. hypernatremia.

d. azotemia.

Excessive or frequent urination after going to bed is called:

a. dysuria.

b. enuresis.

c. polyuria.

d. nocturia.

e. hyperuria.

d. nocturia.

The physical, chemical, and microscopic evaluation of a urine specimen is called:

a. urogram.

b. urinalysis.

c. renal dialysis.

d. urochesia.

e. specific gravity.

b. urinalysis.

Which agents promote the excretion of urine?

a. Diaphoretics

b. Uremics

c. Diuretics

d. Uricosurics

e. Antidiuretics

c. Diuretics

Radiological examination of the bladder using a contrast medium is called:

a. urography.

b. urogram.

c. cystogram.

d. cystography.

e. cystopexy.

d. cystography.

Another term for articulation is:

a. movement.

b. joint.

c. knuckle.

d. fontanelle.

e. tuberosity.

b. joint.

An instrument used to cut a rib is called a:

a. thoracotomy.

b. chondrotome.

c. costotome.

d. craniotome.

e. costosternotome.

c. costotome.

The CF olig/o means:

a. excessive.

b. oily.

c. scanty.

d. odor.

e. foreign.

c. scanty.

The suffix -genesis means:

a. forming, producing, origin.

b. generate.

c. stricture.

d. genital.

e. glomerulus.

a. forming, producing, origin.

A procedure in which high-frequency sound waves produce images of the bladder to determine bladder volume and identify incomplete bladder emptying is called:

a. cystoscopy.

b. cystourethrography.

c. electromyography.

d. bladder ultrasonography.

e. cystography.

d. bladder ultrasonography.

The CF glomerul/o means:

a. bladder.

b. glomerulus.

c. filtration.

d. excretion.

e. nephron.

b. glomerulus.

lithotripsy

crushing of a stone:

The CF vesic/o means:

a. vessels.

b. prepuce.

c. seminal vesicle.

d. vas deferens.

e. bladder.

e. bladder.

The two most common causes of end-stage renal disease include diabetes and:

a. nephroptosis.

b. necrosis.

c. ischemia.

d. hypertension.

e. arteriosclerosis.

d. hypertension.

The surgical fixation of the bladder is called:

a. cystoptosis.

b. cystopexy.

c. cystitis.

d. cystocele.

e. cystogram.

b. cystopexy.

Any body part attached to a main structure is called a(n):

a. epiphysis.

b. appendage.

c. fontanel.

d. ligament.

e. tendon.

b. appendage.

Besides providing for urine drainage, nephrostomy may provide access to the kidney for various treatments.

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true

Blistered formations at the joints of toes are known as Heberden nodes.

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false

The surgical treatment for a floating kidney is nephropexy.

true/false

true

Wilms tumor is a rapidly developing tumor of the kidney found especially in children.

true/false

true

A narrowing or stricture of the urethra is called:

a. urethratresia.

b. urethrostenosis.

c. urethritis.

d. urethrophraxis.

e. urethrism.

b. urethrostenosis.

Arteriosclerosis is a major cause of coronary artery disease.

true/false

true

Anuria is the failure of the kidneys to produce urine.

rue/false

true

Two major causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) are ischemia and nephrotoxic injury.

true/false

true

An abnormal, inward curvature of the lower portion of the spine is called:

a. lordosis.

b. humpback.

c. scoliosis.

d. C-shaped curvature.

e. kyphosis.

a. lordosis.

Which term means blood in the urine?

a. Hyperuricemia

b. Diuresis

c. Uremia

d. Hemoptysis

e. Hematuria

e. Hematuria

Diuretics are used to control spasms of the bladder causing incontinence.

true/false

false

The CF azot/o means:

a. nitrogenous compounds.

b. potassium.

c. sodium.

d. blue, blueness.

e. glucose compounds.

a. nitrogenous compounds

Crushing of a stone is called:

a. lithectomy.

b. lithiasis.

c. lithotripsy.

d. lithotomy.

e. lithogenesis.

c. lithotripsy.

The combining form (CF) py/o means:

a. fever.

b. pus.

c. heat.

d. renal pelvis.

e. hidden.

b. pus.

Which test determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics?

a. UA

b. C&S

c. IVP

d. EMG

e. BUN

b. C&S

An abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis due to accumulated urine that cannot flow past the obstruction is called:

a. pyelopathy.

b. pyelostenosis.

c. anuria.

d. hydronephrosis.

e. ureterectasis.

d. hydronephrosis.

An abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another is called a(n):

a. duct.

b. vessel.

c. fissure.

d. abscess.

e. fistula.

e. fistula.

The abbreviation ESWL is associated with:

a. hemorrhage.

b. nephrolithiasis.

c. dehydration.

d. severe hypotension.

e. circulatory collapse.

b. nephrolithiasis.

Suspension or fixation of a floating or moveable kidney is called:

a. nephrolithotomy.

b. nephrorrhaphy.

c. nephropexy.

d. nephrolithiasis.

e. nephroptosis.

c. nephropexy.

An involuntary delay in initiating urination is called:

a. oliguria.

b. incontinence.

c. hesitancy.

d. enuresis.

e. anuria.

c. hesitancy.

An infection, usually bacterial, in the urinary structures is called:

a. BUN.

b. EMG.

c. HTN.

d. UTI.

e. BPH.

d. UTI.

An increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms is called:

a. exacerbation.

b. remission.

c. claudication.

d. sequestrum.

e. hyperkinesia.

a. exacerbation.

An opening or passageway is called a:

a. occlusion.

b. meatus.

c. fissure.

d. tubercle.

e. condyle.

b. meatus.

Wilms tumor is a:

a. nonmalignant tumor present at birth.

b. malignant tumor of the kidney, usually occurring in children.

c. malignant tumor of the prostate gland associated with the aging process.

d. malignant tumor of the bladder.

e. nonmalignant tumor resulting from kidney stones.

b. malignant tumor of the kidney, usually occurring in children.

An open reduction is one in which fractured bones are placed in their proper position during surgery.

true/false

true

Surgical repair of the renal pelvis is called:

a. ureteroplasty.

b. peritoneoplasty.

c. nephroplasty.

d. pyeloplasty.

e. pyoplasty.

d. pyeloplasty.

The CF urethr/o means:

a. uterus.

b. ureter.

c. urine.

d. urethra.

e. urea.

d. urethra.

The backflow of urine into the renal pelvis causes an expansion of the renal pelvis.

true/false

true

BUN is a kidney function test.

true/false

true

An obstruction caused by any foreign substance, including a blood clot within that vessel, is called:

a. infarction.

b. embolism.

c. aneurysm.

d. fibroid.

e. angina.

b. embolism.

An excessive amount of fatty material in the blood is called:

a. hyperglycemia.

b. hyperketonemia.

c. hyperlipidemia.

d. polycythemia.

e. cholesterolemia.

c. hyperlipidemia.

A hemorrhage from the urethra is called:

a. urethropathy.

b. urethrodynia.

c. urethrorrhagia.

d. urethrolithiasis.

e. urethrostenosis.

c. urethrorrhagia.

Solidified protein fragments, shaped like the tubules in which they form, are called:

a. nephroliths.

b. tubules.

c. concretions.

d. casts.

e. uroliths.

d. casts.

lithogenesis:

forming or producing a stone:

Anticoagulants prevent deep vein thrombosis and formation of postoperative clots.

true/false

true

After wastes are removed, blood leaves the kidney by way of the:

a. ureter.

b. portal vein.

c. urinary meatus.

d. renal vein.

e. renal artery.

d. renal vein.

The test used to evaluate blood flow, structure, and function of the kidneys after IV injection of a radioactive tracer is called:

a. intravenous pyelography.

b. renal nuclear scan.

c. computed tomography scan of the kidneys.

d. electromyography.

e. renography.

b. renal nuclear scan.

An inability to control urination is called:

a. enuresis.

b. anuria.

c. dysuria.

d. frequency.

e. polyuria.

a. enuresis.

The suffix -uria means:

a. structure.

b. urine.

c. stricture.

d. ureter.

e. urea.

b. urine.

Ureteroscopic stone removal is an alternative to ESWL when stones are large or lithotripsy is not recommended.

true/falsle

true

Creation of a tubular passage into the renal pelvis to drain urine to an external receptacle when ureters are unable to do so is called:

a. pyelorrhaphy.

b. nephropexy.

c. nephrostomy.

d. nephrorrhaphy.

e. cystoscopy.

c. nephrostomy.

Another term for enuresis is:

a. azotemia.

b. dysuria.

c. incontinence.

d. aspermia.

e. anuria.

c. incontinence.

Urine is expelled from the body through the:

a. renal pelvis.

b. ureter.

c. urethra.

d. renal tubule.

e. calyx.

c. urethra.

An abnormal sticky protein that lines the blood vessels causing clot formation is called:

a. hemosiderin.

b. globulin.

c. fibrinogen.

d. von Willebrand factor.

e. albumen.

d. von Willebrand factor.

Antinuclear antibody test is used to identify antibodies that attack the tissues of an incompatible blood donor.

true/false

false

The opening where the renal artery and renal vein enter and leave the kidney is called the:

a. renal tubule.

b. Bowman capsule.

c. trigone.

d. hilum.

e. ureter.

d. hilum.

An inherited disease in which sacs of fluid develop in the kidney is called:

a. nephrocele.

b. nephroblastosis.

c. nephroma.

d. Wilms tumor.

e. polycystic kidney.

e. polycystic kidney.

An abnormal widening or ballooning of a blood vessel resulting from a wall weakness is called:

a. aneurysm.

b. sclerosis.

c. angiopathy.

d. stenosis.

e. commissure.

a. aneurysm.

Another term for fainting is syncope.

true/false

true