History Final

Democracy

A system of government where citizens vote on laws and elected officials.

Tribunes

Elected officials in ancient Rome who had the power to stop government actions if they harmed the common people.

Punic Wars

Conflicts between the Roman Republic and Carthage over control of Sicily, leading to Carthage's destruction.

Augustus (Octavian)

First Roman emperor, who ruled during the Pax Romana and brought stability, trade, and technological advancement.

The Twelve Tables

The first set of written laws in Rome that ensured legal protection for the common people against patrician exploitation.

Mahayan Buddhism

A form of Buddhism that emphasizes enlightenment for many and includes new concepts such as the Bodhisattva.

Silk Road

An ancient trade network connecting the East and West, facilitating cultural exchange and trade.

Hijrah

Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina, marking the start of the Islamic calendar.

Five Pillars of Islam

The basic acts of worship in Islam: faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage.

Confucianism

A philosophy that emphasizes morality, proper social relationships, and governance, influential during the Han Dynasty.

Kublai Khan

Mongol leader who attempted to conquer Japan twice but failed due to kamikaze winds.

Feudalism

A social and political system in which local lords held land in exchange for military service from vassals.

Mita

The labor tax system in the Inca Empire where citizens worked for the state.

Chinampas

Floating gardens built by the Aztec for agriculture in their island city of Tenochtitlan.

Bodhisattva

In Mahayana Buddhism, a person who delays their nirvana to aid others in achieving enlightenment.

Angkor Wat

The largest temple complex in the world, dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu.

Olmec Civilization

The first major civilization in Mexico, known for its colossal head sculptures and influence on later cultures.

Gentry

The upper class in Chinese society, often associated with landownership and education.

Empires

Large political entities formed through the control of diverse territories and peoples.

Cultural Diffusion

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

Wendi

The founder of the Sui Dynasty in China, known for building the Grand Canal.

Tsetse Fly

A fly found in African rainforests that affects livestock farming.

Griots

Oral storytellers in African cultures who preserve history and traditions within clans.