Chapter 6 Health and Wellness Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 6 Health and Wellness notes.

What is Healthy People 2030?

A 10-year national objective framework to promote health, prevent disease, identify leading health indicators, and guide health policy in the United States.

How does Healthy People 2030 aim to improve society?

Promotes a society in which all people live long, healthy lives.

What is the World Health Organization's definition of health (1947/2024)?

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity; defined in relation to personal values and lifestyle.

What are health beliefs?

A person’s ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness that can be based on reality or misinformation and can influence health positively or negatively.

What does the Health Belief Model explain?

How individual perceptions influence the likelihood of taking preventive health action, considering susceptibility, seriousness, benefits minus barriers, cues to action, and modifying factors.

What are perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness in the Health Belief Model?

Perceived susceptibility is the belief about the risk of contracting a disease; perceived seriousness is the belief about the severity of the disease.

What are modifying factors in the Health Belief Model?

Demographic and sociopsychological variables (e.g., age, gender, race, ethnicity; personality and social pressures).

What are cues to action in the Health Belief Model?

External triggers such as mass media campaigns, advice from others, reminder postcards, or illness in a family member.

What is the Health Promotion Model focused on?

Behavioral change through understanding individual characteristics, experiences, cognitions, affect, perceived benefits and barriers, self-efficacy, and situational influences.

What are the main components of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs relevant to nursing care?

Physiological needs (food, sleep), followed by safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization; used to prioritize care.

What is Holistic Health Strategy?

Approaches that consider emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, and physical aspects of wellness.

In nursing, which need is prioritized first according to Maslow for a patient who is anxious and not eating?

Physiological needs (nutrition and basic physical needs) take priority over psychological needs.

What are internal variables that influence health beliefs and practices?

Developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, emotional factors, spiritual factors.

What are external variables that influence health beliefs and practices?

Family role and practices, social determinants of health, culture.

How is health promotion different from illness prevention?

Health promotion helps maintain or enhance health; illness prevention protects from threats to health; health education helps people understand how to manage health risks.

What is health promotion (in concise terms)?

Efforts to help individuals maintain or improve their present health.

What is illness prevention?

Efforts to protect people from actual or potential threats to health.

What is health education?

Helps people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to manage health risks.

What are the Three Levels of Prevention and their focus?

Primary prevention reduces the incidence of disease; Secondary prevention focuses on preventing the spread of disease once it occurs; Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent.

Which type of prevention is most closely associated with vaccines?

Primary prevention (preventing disease before it occurs).

What are risk factors?

Attributes, qualities, environmental situations, or traits that increase vulnerability to illness or accident; include nonmodifiable, modifiable factors, and environment.

Which of the following are modifiable risk factors? A) Weight B) Family History C) Alcohol consumption D) Diet E) Sedentary Lifestyle

A, C, D, and E.

What is the Transtheoretical Model of Change?

A model describing stages of readiness for change: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance.

List the stages of the Transtheoretical Model of Change with brief descriptions.

Precontemplation – not intending to change; Contemplation – considering change; Preparation – planning small steps; Action – actively engaged in change; Maintenance – sustained change.

What is illness and how do acute and chronic illnesses differ?

Illness is a state of diminished function; Acute illness is short duration and severe; Chronic illness lasts more than 6 months and affects functioning.

What is illness behavior?

Involves how people monitor their bodies and interpret their symptoms, influenced by internal and external variables.

What are common impacts of illness on the patient and family?

Behavioral and emotional changes; changes in body image and self-concept; impact on family roles and dynamics.

What are some self-care recommendations for healthcare workers?

Eat nutritiously, get adequate sleep, exercise and relaxation, maintain work-family balance, engage in nonwork activities, develop coping skills, allow grieving time, focus on spiritual health, find a mentor.

In Trevor's immunization case, immunizations illustrate which two types of prevention?

Primary prevention and health promotion (disease prevention context).

According to Maslow, receiving an immunization is included in which hierarchy of need?

Safety and security.