Chapter 14 and 15

Periosteum

fibrous membrane that surrounds the bone

Compact bone

dense hard layer of the bone tissue that lays under the periosteum

Cancellous bone

porous bone under the compact bone, also called spongy bone

Endosteum

membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone

Diaphysis

shaft of the long bone

Epiphysis

expanded end of long bones

Bone marrow

material found in the cavities of the bones

Red bone marrow

thick membrane that lines flat bones and the epiphysis of long bones. The location of blood cell formation

Yellow bone marrow

soft fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones

Crani/o

skull

Maxill/o

Maxilla

Mandibul/o

Mandible

Clavicul/o

Clavicle

Stern/o

Sternum

Cost/o

rib

Scapul/o

scapula

Humer/o

Humerus

Radi/o

Radius

Uln/o

Ulna

Carp/o

Carpals (wrist bones)

Phalang/o

Phalanges

Rachi/o

Vertebrae

spondyl/o

Vertebrae

vertebr/o

Vertebrae

Sacr/o

Sacrum

Pelv/I

Pelvis

Ili/o

Ilium

Ischi/o

Ischium

Pub/o

pubis

Femor/o

Femur

Patell/o

Patella

Femor/o

femur

Tibi/o

tibia

Fibul/o

fibula

Lumb/o

Lumbar or loin

Myel/o

Bone marrow

Oste/o

Bone

Arthr/o

Joint

Burs/o

Bursa

Chondr/o

Cartilage

Disk/o

Intervertebral disk

Fasci/o

Fascia

Lamin/o

Lamina

Menisc/o

Meniscus

My/o

Muscle

Myos/o

Muscle

Synovi/o

Synovial membrane

Ten/o

Tendon

Tendin/o

Tendon

Ankyl/o

Stiff or bent

Kinesi/o

Movement

Kyph/o

Hump

Lord/o

Bent forward

Necr/o

Death

Rhabd/o

Striated or rod shaped

Petr/o

Stone

Sarc/o

Flesh or connective tissue

Scoli/o

Curved

Prefix = Syn

Together, Joined

Prefix= Sym

Together, joined

Suffix = Asthenia

Weakness

Suffix = Desis

Fusion or surgical fixation

Suffix = Physis

Growth

Suffix = schisis

split or fissure

Ankylosing spondylitis

arthritis that affects the spine and adjacent structures

Carpal / Tarsal tunnel syndrome

nerve entrapment disorder caused by compression

Compartment syndrome

increased pressure within muscle that causes ischemia

Ganglion cyst

gel like fluid forming in a benign mass in a joint

Gout

excessive build up of uric acid crystal in joints

Herniated disk

rupture of an intervertebral disk

Lyme disease

infection from deer tick infected with B. burgdorferi

Spinal stenosis

narrowing of the spinal canal, compressing the nerve roots

Muscular dystrophy

hereditary disorder that causes degeneration and weakness

Myasthenia gravis

chronic disease characterized by severe muscle weakness

Osteoporosis

abnormal loss of bone density

Plantar fasciitis

inflammation of the plantar fascia, most common cause of heel pain

Repetitive strain injury

cumulative damage caused by repetitive movements

Rheumatoid arthritis

chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the connective tissue

Rotator cuff disease

damage to tendons stabilizing the shoulder

Dislocation

displacement of the bone from a joint

Bunion

prominence of the great toe, can be hereditary or from poorly fitting shoes

Exostosis

bone spur

Fracture

broken bone

Spondylolisthesis

forward slipping of one vertebrae over another

Luxation or subluxation

dislocation and partial dislocation, respectively

Chiropractic

Treatment that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column

Chiropractor

Specialist of chiropractic

Crepitus

Crackling sensation felt when 2 bones rub together

Orthopedics

Branch of medicine that deals with diseases and disorders of the musculoskeletal system

Orthotics

Making and fitting of orthopedic devices

Orthotist

Specialist in orthotics

Osteoclast

Bone cell that dissolves bone to replace calcium in the blood (balance with the Osteoblast)

Osteopath

Physician of osteopathy

Osteopathy

Branch of medicine that studies the connection between the organs and the musculoskeletal system

Podiatrist

Physician that specializes in treatment of the feet

Prosthesis

Artificial substitute for missing body parts

Rheumatologist

Physician that treats rheumatic diseases

SPRAIN

abnormal stretching or tearing of a ligament that supports a joint

STRAIN

abnormal stretching or tearing of a muscle or a tendon

STRUCTURE

The Nervous System consists of 2 classes of structure: the brain and spinal cord (which makes up the CNS), and the peripheral nerves (which make up the PNS).