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What was the Market revolution?
The linking of Northern industry with Western and Southern farms, created by advances in technology which had significant effects on society.
What led to the want for increase in industry and manufacturing in America?
The war of 1812.
Who memorized the blueprints for the water frame and began the industrial revolution in America?
Samuel Slater.
What was the name of the road that stretched from Cumberland, Maryland to Illinois?
National road.
What did the McCormick Reaper do?
Made harvesting 7x faster.
What did the steel-tipped plow do?
Broke up the soil—faster and easier.
What did the morse telegraph lead to?
Faster communication.
What company started the first textile mill in Lowell, Boston?
Boston associates.
What labor would Lowell mills use?
Female and child labor.
What was the name for the labor unions that rose during the market revolution?
Workingman’s party.
What was the nickname given to the female workers at Lowell mills?
Lowell girls.
Where would the Lowell workers live?
Company-owned boarding houses.
What would the increase in female labor lead to?
Change of social perception of women’s roles both in the workforce and domestic life.
What country had many unskilled immigrants immigrate to the US during the 1840s and 1850s.
Ireland.
What was the nickname for the 1824 election?
The corrupt Bargain.
What happened during the 1824 election?
Andrew Jackson won the popular vote, but house of rep (led by Henry clay) decided on John Quincy Adams. JQA would then appoint Henry Clay as his secretary of state.
What movement is closely tied to Jacksonian democracy?
Universal male suffrage movement.
Did Jackson grant universal male suffrage?
No, he strongly encourage states to grant this between 1824-1828 which would lead to him winning in 1828.
What tariff will John Quincy Adams sign in 1828, before he leaves the office?
The tariff of 1828 (tariff of abominations).
Who supported the tariff of 1828?
National republicans.
Who did the tariff of 1828 benefit and how much?
The North was benefited while the south would struggle. Up to 45% in some areas.
What are campaigning tactics used by Andrew Jackson during the election of 1828?
Mass rallies, slogans (JQA czar pimp). Mudslinging.
Jackson represented what era?
The era of Common man.
What political party would Andrew Jackson make?
Democratic party.
What was Andrew Jackson’s nickname?
Old hickory.
Who was Andrew Jackson’s wife and what was her significance?
Racheal, She died just before his inauguration (he blamed Henry Clay).
What was the name given to Andrew Jackson due to his chaotic party for his inauguration.
King Mob.
What was Andrew Jackson’s slogan?
“Let the people rule".”
What will Andrew Jackson do to voting methods?
He will create secret ballots.
What will Andrew Jackson do to elections?
He will begin party nominating conventions.
What movement will Andrew Jackson heavily support?
Suffrage for white men (non-landowners).
What system will Andrew Jackson implement in the government?
The spoil system.
What was the spoil system?
Replacing 10% of government jobs with his supporters.
Why did Andrew Jackson rotate people in the spoil system?
He wanted more supporters to be able to gain that job.
What state would nullify the tariff of abominations?
South Carolina.
Who would anonymously write “South Carolina Exposition and Protest”?
John C. Calhoun.
What position in government did John C. Calhoun have?
VP of Andrew Jackson.
What side did John C. Calhoun support?
South Carolina’s side— Supported nullification.
What was the Webster-Hayne debate?
A debated between northern senator Daniel Webster and Southern senator Robert Hayne about nullification of the tariff of 1828.
What was the result of the nullification crisis?
Henry Clay would create the Compromise Tariff of 1833.
What did the Compromise Tariff of 1833 do?
It would lower tariffs on the state gradually, but if they weren’t enforced the national government threatened military action (force bill). Calhoun will resign.
Who became Andrew Jackson’s secretary of state?
Martin van Buren.
What was the nickname for Andrew Jackson’s small group of trusted friends and advisors?
The Kitchen Cabinet.
What was Andrew Jackson’s opinion on the Mayesville Road Bill?
He would be against it and veto it and declare it unconstitutional. Said it didn’t benefit all Americans equally.
Why was Andrew Jackson’s veto of the Mayesville Road Bill likely bias?
The bill was for a road in Kentucky (Henry Clay’s state).
Why was Andrew Jackson against the Bank of the United States?
He saw it as only making the rich, richer and taking money from the poor. Claimed it was a monopoly of government money.
What two steps did Andrew Jackson take to kill the Bank of The United States?
He would veto the charter for the bank
He would remove money from the BUS and give it directly to state banks that supported him.
What would Andrew Jackson’s actions against the bank lead to?
The panic of 1837. Financial instability.
What court case gave the Cherokee nation the right to stay in their land?
Worcester v. Georgia.
What act will Andrew Jackson pass through congress to move Indians by force.
Indian removal act.
What was the Black Hawk war?
Indian leader Black Hawk will try and reclaim lands, but lost.
What was the name for the forced removal of Cherokee to the Oklahoma territory?
The trail of tears.
What caused Van Buren to become unpopular?
His presidency was during the panic of 1837.
What was the Whig party based on?
The American system.
Who did the Whig party form against?
Andrew Jackson (King Andrew).
What parties ran in the election of 1840?
Democrats & Whigs.
Who is the Whig candidate in 1840?
William Henry Harrison.
What was the first third party?
Liberty party: anti-slavery.
What was the significance of the election of 1840?
It had a voter turnout of 80%. (First MASS turnout).
Who would start the Second Great Awakening?
Charles Finney.
What idea did Charles Finney advocate for?
Perfectionism-one can choose not to sin.
Who did Charles Finney preach to?
The ordinary people (farmers).
What protestant sect would pop up during the 2nd great awakening and would become the largest protestant denomination by 1844?
Methodists.
Who was the leader of the Mormons?
Joseph Smith.
Why was Joseph Smith persecuted?
He claimed to a prophet of god and believed in polygamy.
Who was the founder of the Shakers?
Mother Ann Lee.
What artisan skill were shakers best known for?
Furniture making.
What policy did shakers believe in?
Celibacy.
What did the shakers believe god contained?
Both male and female elements.
What battle is considered the turning point of the revolutionary war?
The battle of Saratoga.
In what battle did George Washington cross the Delaware river to defeat the Hessians?
The battle of Trenton.
What was the winter encampment where the colonists were trained by Von Stueben.
Valley Forge.
Who wrote the common sense pamphlet?
Thomas Paine.
What was republican motherhood?
Another role for women, responsible for teaching their children civic virtues (republican ideals).
Who was the French aristocrat who joined Washington’s staff?
Lafeyette.
Wha role did women play in the patriot movement?
Camp followers, making bullets.
Two advantages for the continental army during revolutionary war.
Guerilla warfare
Alliance with France
Two advantages of British army during continental army.
Large military
Lots of money
What meeting involved all 13 colonies and was a response to the outbreak of war at Lexington concord?
2nd continental congress.
Why did Shays rebel?
Massachusetts took away the poor farmer Shay’s money/property because he could not afford property tax.
What was an argument that Thomas Paine made in common sense?
How can a tiny island across the sea effectively rule the colonies?
What was one strength of the articles of confederation?
The NW ordinance, which created a process for making new states.
Why was Shay’s rebellion important?
It exposed the weaknesses of the articles of confederation- New constitution.
What treaty ended the revolutionary war?
The Treaty of Paris 1783.
How did the American revolution change hereditary privilege?
State constitutions outlawed primogeniture and titles of nobility.
Who was Phyllis Wheatley?
Famous slave, poet, play writer; strong suporter of the Revolution.
What was Lexington and Concords significance?
The battle was the first of the Revolutionary war. "The shot heard around the world.”
What was the famous quote from Thomas Paine in Common Sense?
“Tis time to part”.
Who was Mercy Otis Warren?
She wrote letters and pamphlets supporting the revoluttion by hosting gatherings for like-minded individuals at her Plymouth home, boycotting British goods, and supporting protests.
What happened to Florida during the Treaty of 1783?
It was given back to the Spanish.
Who said, “Remember the ladies"?
Abagail Adams.
What state and group was the first to pass emancipation legislation(gradual)?
Pennsylvania and the Quakers.
What convention convened as a result of Shay’s rebellion?
The Constitutional Convention.
What territory was gained by America in the Treaty of Paris 1783?
The Northwest Territory.
What year was Jamestown founded
1607
What was Jamestown funded by?
Joint-stock company
What did John Smith do?
He led Jamestown through a rough patch.
What was the economy of the Plymouth based on?
Fishing, whaling, shipbuilding, and small scale manufacturing
What was the Mayflower compact?
Signed by all the males on the Mayflower and said that they would govern by the majority rule.
What was the Great Migration?
Lots of Calvinists moved from overseas and some colonists to the Massachuests bay area.